Defining Economic Justice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Defining Economic Justice - Essay Example This includes streamlining of the social order so that every person can access the basic means of existence and that means to improve the situation. It is a central ground between capitalism and communism economic principles, which allow private enterprises to earn a profit while ensuring that everyone remains above poverty line. Paul Heyne was a lecturer of economics who advocated his interests in religion, social issues, justice, and free markets economies. In his ideology, Paul Heyne incorporated joblessness, deficiency, incomes, unsafe jobs, globalization, the rich getting richer while the poor getting poorer, excises,  inadequate public schools, lack of health care, the right to form a union  as the basic guidelines to define economic justice. His main aim is to ensure that everyone remains above poverty line and harmonizes the gap between the rich and the poor. The slogan, â€Å"Production for people, not for profits† goes in line with the ideologies of Paul Theodore Heyne. He claims that economic justice involves the synchronization and balance between input and output. However, three principles contrast with his dogmas of economic justice. These principles are contribution, dispersal, and synchronization. The principle of contribution that was put forth describes how one makes input to the economic process so that they can make a living. The standard advocates for impartial opportunities in the process of gaining access to private property in productive assets as well as parity of opportunity in to engage in fecund work. Paul Heyne thought that the use of his principle would, help bridge the gap between the haves and the have-nots’. However, this idea is wrong in that it promotes dependency on those people who work. By using this principle, it means that the individuals’ properties would be divided among the people who have an interest. His ideology advocated for equal results on the output even though the people claiming did no t themselves participate in producing the output. Secondly, Paul Heyne’s creed of economic justice goes against the distributive principle that exists because of the capitalist approach used. This approach requires that the output of an economic system to be shared according to labor and or capital contribution. The distributive justice that we use in the capitalist approach is directly linked to the distributive approach. This is because the distributive approach is like a rewarding mechanism that aims at rewarding every person according to his labor or capital contribution. Conflicting to this approach, Paul Heyne creed was wrong since it aims at rewarding all the society members even though they did not participate in the output creation. His ideology of economic justice may confuse the distributive philosophy in that Paul Heyne’s principle is like a charity work unlike the distributive principle, which is more of a reward mechanism that rewards effort put in an eco nomic system to gain a certain output. Likewise, I do not agree with Paul Heyne’s idea that a free and open market place with the exclusion of the government is the most objective and democratic means for determining the right price, right wages, and the right profits. Paul Heyne ideologies eliminate the government in decision-making. This is very wrong in that the government is a

Pride and Prejudice Passage Analysis Essay Example for Free

Pride and Prejudice Passage Analysis Essay Jane Austen resolves the novel while using particular writing style and technique to reinforce the characters of Elizabeth, Georgiana, and Lady Catherine de Bourgh. Elizabeth’s strong-willed character is emphasized when Austen subtly contrasts her against Georgiana’s shy one; she uses Georgiana as a foil character for Elizabeth, and vice versa. Elizabeth’s strong opinions, quick wit, and â€Å"lively, sportive, manner† of conversing with Darcy astonish Georgiana. Austen’s use of the phrase â€Å"lively, sportive, manner† gives the sentence a more vigorous and energetic feel, which reflects the nature of the conversation. Apart from her wit, Elizabeth’s sensibility is also shown with she persuades Darcy to seek reconciliation with his aunt. While several members of her family might have been happy to begrudge Lady de Bourgh, Austen reinforces Elizabeth’s intelligence and sensibility by emphasizing that she has risen above some of the poor behaviour that she has grown up with. In terms of Georgiana, Austen maintains her character as an innocent and shy girl. She brings up the fact that Georgiana is more than ten years younger than Darcy, and contrasts her somewhat introverted personality with Elizabeth’s strong-willed and confident one. Lastly, her youth and naivete is emphasized when Austen chooses to say she was influenced by Elizabeth’s â€Å"instruction†. In terms of Lady Catherine de Bourgh, Austen emphasizes her class-snobbery and haughtiness with her satirical (and quite comedic) choice of words, saying that Elizabeth and her relatives had â€Å"polluted† Pemberley. Her bossiness and need to be in control of everything causes her to write an angry letter to Darcy, since he and Elizabeth ignored her objections. The entire ending can be contrasted to the start of the book, which outlined the unhappy marriage of the Bennets. It seems that Elizabeth, who marries Darcy out of love, will enjoy a much happier marriage than Lydia, who married for passion, as well as Charlotte, who married for financial stability.

Teotihuacan Essay -- essays papers

Teotihuacan The ancient world of Mesoamerica entered a long period of change that soon led to the development a mammoth city that would serve as a regional center for more than 600 years. Beginning in about 1000 B.C. the majority of the people in the Valley of Mexico relocated to one of two primary sites, that of Cuicuilco in the southwest corner and Teotihuacan in the northeast. By about 300 B.C., Cuicuilco dominated the region, but its heyday would soon diminish. (Sabloff 2000, p 60) For the next two hundred years the dominion would begin to shift towards the side of Teotihuacan, a city that would undergo rapid growth never seen before on such a large scale. This was in part due to final demise of Cuicuilco influence from the eruption of Xitli in 50B.C. (Weaver 1981, p 104) This smothered their fields and soon thereafter swallowed the entire site. This was catastrophic because it destroyed their means of survival by wiping out agricultural land, which not only served as a source of subsistence but also as an economic base. Eventually the entire city was covered over, thus ending its years of prestige and aiding the development of its major rival. (Sabloff 2000, p 61) This event transformed Teotihuacan into the central city of the region, and soon masses began to flood in. Within a very short period the population was believed to consist of between 80-90% of the total population of the Valley of Mexico. This fluxuated but by the time of Christ, many were moving into the area again and soon began the construction of this great city. (Weaver 1981, p 189) The reasons for this immigration are unknown but surveys have proven that the city was populated as the countryside was depopulated. This resettlement policy, whether forced or 'encouraged', soon provided the state with enough manpower to bring this center into it excellence. This let the state relocate some of the residents onto the most productive agricultural lands to provide a subsistence base for the community. (Sabloff 1981, p 221) The political advantage of this widespread influence if quite apparent. This would permit the state to have direct control over the urban population as well as those it chose to send out to work in best agricultural lands. Also, most important, this control minimized the threats to the state by eliminating any other strong centers that may rise up against it. The... ...interesting finds, but these were primarily skeletal remains of fish, dogs, deer, waterfowl, and rabbit. The fish bones suggest that these people were exploiting the lakes to the south, as well as the remains of the fowl and turtles. The excavations also uncovered many remains within numerous compounds that suggest a commercial relation as well. One of the most significant was that it had a nearby source of obsidian. (Sabloff 1997, p62) This volcanic rock, found only in the highland areas containing volcanoes, was used primarily to make tools and weapons. This was very valuable at the time and control over the sources would provide great power and source of a valuable trade item. There are two main kinds of obsidian, gray and green. Of the studies preformed on artifacts through modern techniques like trace analysis, numerous sources have been identified in Guatemala and Mexico. The gray was more common and came from more than 15 identified sources. Green obsidian was found to have only one source, Pachuca, Hidalgo, making it much more desirable and proved to be a sign of higher status individuals. (Weaver 1981, p 205) Bibliography: (Weaver 1981, p 205)(Sabloff 1997, p62)

Padre Island

Jose Esquivel Professor Matthew Mayo English 1301 12 December 2012 Padre Island To catch a glimpse of the color wheel of flowers that is blossoming in the cool, brisk wind with the essences of freshness in the air. This can mean one thing, that spring has arrived and it is now that times to take the long awaited getaway to an island of fun in the sun. A place where memories are made, and worries are forgotten, the magnificent Padre Island. Padre Island extends roughly 130 miles along the South Texas coast; from Corpus Christi to Port Isabel, and has seen its share of Indians, pirates, hurricanes and many shipwrecks.You might have heard of South Padre Island or perhaps heard of Padre Island, but who is the Padre, and what connection does he have with the island? Padre Island got its name from Jose Nicolas Balli a Catholic priest from Spain who owned it for nearly thirty years. Padre is a word defined as a traditional form of address for Catholic priests. After being granted the island by King Carlos III Padre Balli established a ranch on this island raising over one thousand longhorn cattle, horses’ mules and sheep with his nephew Juan Jose Balli as foreman by his side.Aside from ranch raising Padre Balli also established cathedrals and missions to Christianize the Karankawa Indians and to serve the people who worked on the ranch. In 1821 Mexico won their Independence from Spain. During the revolution all of Padre Balli’s letters and exclusive right documents that gave him title to the island were lost or destroyed. Therefore, Padre Balli had to reapply this time to the Mexican government to confirm the titles of the island to him, only now he names his nephew Juan Jose Balli as partner. His request was granted December 1829.However, Padre Balli had died on April 15, 1829, eight months before his petition was approved due to a rupture cerebral artery. His nephew Juan Jose Balli continued to operate the ranch with his family. The saga started around 1938 when Gilbert Kerlin a graduate fresh out of Harvard law school was given a task that would change the course of history for the Balli’s. Mr. Kerlin arrived in South Texas with the instruction from his uncle, Frederic Gilbert, to purchase the barren stretch of sand that has since become a popular Texas beach Resort.It was then, when Mr. Kerlin received a tip that it may be possible to purchase the land from the Balli’s. He came across an individual by the name of Primotivo Balli who did not speak any English but was paid $750 to sketch out a family tree and to assist in rounding up the signatures of the island heirs. It was called to mind that the Padre Island heirs carefully copied down their addresses, and waited for a check that they were promised. In doing so Mr.Kerlin promised that he will give the Balli’s money from all the royalties and minerals that is hiding beneath the island, but Kerlin never handed the money over nor was he ever seen again by th e Balli’s. Meanwhile, Kerlin leased drilling rights to Padre Island and sold its sandy surface to developers. While Mr. Kerlin was earning millions the Balli’s struggled to make ends meet. Kerlin walked away with 61,000 acres and the Laguna Madre which is a band of water between the island and the mainland. For many decades the Balli’s have tried to get back what was rightfully theirs to begin with.Kerlin never came through on his promise to the Balli’s. The Balli’s have their theories as to why so many different lawyers all of the sudden would stop representing them. The Balli’s believe that Kerlin would pay the lawyers off so a trial would not take place. Of course there was no proof of this, however, it was always very coincidental how the lawyers would back out and not represent the Balli’s as it would get closer to trial time. Finally, in 1983 a San Francisco attorney Melvin Belli told Fred Balli of Ponca City, Okla. hat he was v ery interested in the case and wants to send them documents related to their claim. It is now year 2000 and descendants of the early owners of Padre Island gathered in the courtroom waiting for justice to be served. This long awaited lawsuit will determine whether or not they were scammed out of their land and riches. When Gilber kerlin now a 90-year-old retired lawyer took the stand he defended his decision not to give the Balli heirs any shares of the mineral royalties after his 1938 purchase. Kerlin stated on the stand, â€Å"The Balli’s did not own Padre Island when they sold it. Kerlin was speaking of when Santiago Morales bought the land form Juan Jose Balli, but what Kerlin did not know is that Morales suffered from buyer’s remorse and sold the land back to Juan Jose Balli, and there is documentation that can prove this fact. After many days of deliberation the jurors awarded the heirs $1. 2 million in lost property and oil royalties. The juror also found that Kerlin owes decade’s worth of income to about 300 Balli descendants for fraud and conspiracy. The battle is won but the war has just begun.Even though the jury’s verdict was in favor for the Balli’s this is just the first step in the final process of winning a lawsuit. Kerlin can very well appeal the decision and ony until that solution is exhausted nothing will be paid out to the family. After winning the decision in 2000 now it is five years later, and the time limitation of an appeal is over. It seems like a deja vu back in the Brownsville courtroom waiting for the jurors to release their decision. Waiting anxiously, in the courtroom filled with over 300 descendents of Padre Nicolas Balli.The Texas appeals court has upheld a decision to award mineral royalties from land on Padre Island to the balli heir compensation exceeding $50 million. At first glance it seemed that this battle to get the land back was unwinnable, but as the truth comes out the Baliiâ€⠄¢s won the war by simply out gunning their enemy with evidence proving that the Balli’s are the rightful owners to Padre Island. Throughout the trials and tribulations history had been made and the Balli’s were very happy that the courts had ruled in their favor.The Balli’s knew all along what the truth was and was glad others saw it too. This popular vacation spot has so much history behind it that no one ever thinks about what this island was really meant for or what went someone went through to get back what was taken from them. It is an honor to have met and known my wife’s grandfather Fred Balli the sixth generation Balli and was the last living heir of Padre Island. It is a privilege to know firsthand the Balli family and share in their successes with the sixty five year trial that was long overdue.My wife’s family is Balli and to hear the stories about Padre Island from Trudy Balli Morin a seventh generation Balli and the daughter of Fred B alli that at one point was a paradise lost, but then returned to its rightful owners is unbelievable. I leave you with this the ending of the chant that made history possible. â€Å"Across the valley, and across the sea, the bells will ring, Viva Balli! † Work cited Balli, Cecilia. â€Å"Return to Padre. † Texas Monthly Jan. 2001: 99+. Web Balli Morin Trudy â€Å"Who is Padre Balli and What Connection Does He Have with you? † Personal interview. 28 Nov. 2012 .

Life and Margaret Atwood Essay

This quotation was taken from Margaret Atwood’s story, â€Å"Homelanding.† This story recounts many aspects of human existence from an outside view, as if it was being told to an alien race. This story tells about human appearance, sex (both difference and the act of), sunbathing, sleeping, death, and many other human functions in a scientific way. This story takes a step away from the normal way of describing these objects. For example, Margaret Atwood talks about eating and describes it by saying â€Å"I destroy and assimilate certain parts of my surroundings and change them into myself.† Most people who have had human contact their whole life consider eating putting food in their mouths, chewing, and swallowing. This quotation at the beginning of the story shows that the author knows that she is writing this for a human audience. She starts this off with the line, â€Å"Where should I begin?† This is more of a conversational style that draws the reader into this as if she was talking directly to the reader. The human reader is supposed to take the role of the alien race. The reader has to take a duality of being both a human and from an alien race who has no knowledge of anything human. The next line restates this with, â€Å"After all you have never been there; or if you have you may not have understood the significance of what you say or thought you saw.† An alien race would never have been to earth, yet the human reader has spent his whole life on earth if never stopping to think of the significance of what he is seeing. The next line is: â€Å"A window is a window, but there is looking out and looking in.† This can be seen in all the number of times that someone sees something in someone else that the person does not see in himself. For example, often a teacher is responsible for helping a student develop a talent that was there but the student did not know that he had it. This story is attempting to do the same and show the reader characteristics that mankind has but do not know it has. In the next line, this is reiterated with the statement, â€Å"The native you glimpsed, disappearing behind the curtain, or into the bushes, or down the manhole in the mainstreet–my people are shy–may have only been your own reflection in the glass.† This shows the reader is the reflection in the glass and is seeing a portrait of himself in the story. Storytelling is often used to teach a lesson to the reader or listener. One of the most read examples of this is the Bible. Jesus often spoke in parables to help teach lessons to his listeners. This story attempts to make us take a step away from  ourselves and see ourselves in a different light so we could possibly understand ourselves better.

Circular flow of Income and Expenditures The WritePass Journal

Circular flow of Income and Expenditures Introduction Circular flow of Income and Expenditures IntroductionBibliographyRelated Introduction In this assignment I will explain what the circular flow of income is. I will also give examples of what might cause changes in the business cycle.   I will also explain what GDP is and give examples of what its limitations are and why it’s a good form of measure.   I will also explain what automatic fiscal stabilisers are.   Finally I will discuss different types of inflation. In economics the term â€Å"circular flow of income† is just the flow of money within the economy. It shows us how the money is being circulated through the economy, for example it shows how the firms pay the households who then spend the money and it goes back to the firms, who then pay wages again to the households. This is just basically the way money goes around in the economy. Everything is somehow connected as all the money works its way around the economy and ends up where it started.   Also it shows in the diagram how the government plays its part in the flow, for example the government receive tax from the households and firms. However they then spend the money again on benefits etc and from this the benefits will be spent on products for the home, therefore the households are spending the money from the government on the firms. Again this money ends up coming back to the households and the government in wages and taxes. If the households decide they may want to sav e some of their money and put it in the banks it would be known as a leakage. However this money then gets pumped back in to the economy as firms will want loans from banks. In general all the money in the economy just goes round in circles. Here is the diagram which shows it more clearly. This diagram looks at the households and business side of the cycle. I have also got another diagram which allows us to see the full circular flow of income diagram which is just below. This diagram shows the business side aswel as the government side to it. GDP stands for gross domestic product.   GDP measures the amount of output of goods or services a country has to offer. For example goods or services which are provided by the country itself and does not include imported products or services. Imported products and services are known as GNP. However to measure the overall macroeconomic activity you could use either GDP or GNP. This is usually calculated over a year. This is not the only type of measure they can use however it is the most favourable form of measure and also it is the most comprehensive form of measure.   What makes this a useful measure is that whatever it calculates works well however it should go in to more depth and include more individual based scenario’s such as the less wealthy people. There are some limitations to the uses of GDP for example they cannot calculate each individuals needs as well as what they already have.   Therefore this means that for every person they just calculate their income on an average which would make the overall result in accurate as it will not allow the people who have a lower income to stand out from the rest in terms of living standards. The same would apply to the people who are richer as they do not stand out as having a better standard of living. This means that the figures that are shown do not necessarily show the poverty in relation to the wealth as it’s not calculated in such a way to be more accurate. Economic growth and externalities can have a negative impact on the economy as there might be a raise in the national output which could include a raise in pollution; therefore it would affect the economic welfare.   Another factor which affects it a lot is the balance between consumption and investment. For example i f the economy uses too many resources in short term needs and wants of consumers then there might not be enough resources to use for future economic development. If the resources are used up to quickly then it may have a better standard of living now however in the long run it won’t be as good due to the resources being used up to quick therefore they need to balance it more so that the economy would benefit overall, it might be that the living standards go down a little bit however in the long run the economy would be better off as they will have a better standard of living on average. Automatic fiscal stabilisers are instruments which influence the rate of growth and help counter swings in the economic cycle. An example of an automatic stabiliser could be high growth, if there was an economic growth then automatic stabilisers will help to reduce the amount of growth. However with higher growth the government will receive more taxes. As there will be more people working which means they will be more taxes to be paid to the government. Also with a higher growth there will be a fall in employment therefore the government would be spending less on unemployment benefits. When there’s a recession the automatic stabilisers will help to limit the fall in growth. So if people have got lower incomes it means that they will be paying less tax therefore the government will be spending more on unemployment benefits. There are four main types of inflation. Demand-pull inflation, cost push inflation, pricing power inflation and sectoral inflation are the four types of inflation. The main type of inflation is demand-pull inflation also known as excess demand inflation, this is when the total amount of goods or services in the economy exceed the available supply therefore the prices rise in the market economy. This is without doubt the most common type of inflation for example war materials and man power grows quickly without shrinkage elsewhere. The second most popular type of inflation is the cost push inflation which is caused by costs of production raising for one reason or another therefore this makes the prices of goods and services increase as well. Usually what makes the prices raise is the cost of wages as there may be an increase in wages which means the overall unit cost would increase which leads to a higher resale price. This type of inflation is not as common as demand-push inflation h owever it can occur independently. At the moment I think the UK is suffering from cost push inflation. The reason that the UK is suffering from this type of inflation is because the prices for pretty much everything has increased. The value of the currency has also dropped. Also as the prices are all increasing some businesses are able to cope with short term increases in price however in the long run they will be forced to close down as they are unable to meet the current pricing. This is why a lot of businesses are being forced to shut down and the number of unemployment has increased. I think the Bank of England should not put the interest rates up at the moment as the economy is unstable. I think that the Bank of England should wait till the economy is coping better when unemployment levels drop then there should be a possible increase in interest rates, however this is only if the economy is doing well and people can afford to pay the higher interest rates. Also if the prices and taxes are decrease and product prices are lower then people will have more disposable income which means they wouldn’t mind paying a slightly higher interest rate. Another reason for the interest rates not to be increased at the moment is that as there are becoming more and more job cuts across the UK less people are able to afford to purchase houses etc which means that if the base interest rates are increased then the banks will suffer again and therefore the recession will go worse. Overall I think that if anything the rates should go even lower possibly to 0% and then people will start to get credit and the economy should start to rise. This means that businesses will start to make more money which means they can expand and create more jobs. And with these jobs people can start to pay back any money they have received from the banks. Bibliography Internet (2008). Circular Flow of Income. Available: economicshelp.org/blog/economics/circular-flow-of-income-diagram/comment-page-1/. Last accessed 4th April 2011. Robert Schenk. Gross Domestic Product . Available: http://ingrimayne.com/econ/Measuring/GNP1.html. Last accessed 5th April 2011. Olivier Vaury. (2003). Is GDP a good measure of economic progress?*. Available: paecon.net/PAEReview/issue20/Vaury20.htm. Last accessed 5th April 2011. GDP. Available: cliffsnotes.com/study_guide/GDP.topicArticleId-9789,articleId-9733.html. Last accessed 5th April 2011. Limitations of GDP when measuring living standards. Available: http://tutor2u.net/economics/content/topics/livingstandards/limitations_of_gdp.htm. Last accessed 5th April 2011. (2010). Automatic Stabilisers . Available: economicshelp.org/dictionary/a/automatic-stabilisers.html. Last accessed 6th April 2011. Types of Inflation . Available: docstoc.com/docs/1043355/Different-Types-of-Inflation. Last accessed 6th April 2011. Book David Campbell and Tom Graig (2005). Organisations and the business environment. 2nd ed. 185.

Dictionary vs. Thesaurus

Dictionary vs. Thesaurus Dictionary vs. Thesaurus Dictionary vs. Thesaurus By Daniel Scocco Afshan Khan asks, â€Å"What is the difference between a dictionary and a thesaurus?† A dictionary is a book containing the individual words of a language (usually organized alphabetically). The purpose of the dictionary is to set forth the orthography, pronunciation and signification of those words. The thesaurus, on the other hand, is a specific dictionary that presents synonyms (words that have similar meaning) for every word listed. This type of dictionary became famous after its integration with word processing software. The purpose of the thesaurus is to help the writer to find more suitable words and avoid the repetition of terms. Online Dictionary and Thesaurus Thankfully you no longer need to visit a library to get access to a good dictionary or thesaurus. There are plenty of websites that offer those resources free of charge. Dictionary.com is one of the oldest and most reliable online dictionaries. On the same website you will also find a link to the sister site Thesaurus.com. Merriam-Webster, one of the most famous dictionaries around the world, also offer an online version. On the same website you will be able to access a thesaurus. Finally, some years ago Google started providing dictionary-like results inside its search engine. Just search for â€Å"define word† to get the meaning to get the meaning of a specific word. Video version of this post: Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:20 Computer Terms You Should KnowHow to Play HQ Words: Cheats, Tips and TricksHow Verbs Become Adjectives

3 Functions of the Comma

3 Functions of the Comma 3 Functions of the Comma 3 Functions of the Comma By Mark Nichol The general purpose of a comma is to separate closely related but distinct elements in a sentence. Discussion of three specific functions of the comma follows: 1. Place Names and Dates A pair of commas sets a more widely encompassing place name off from the more specific designation of a place within the other location, as in â€Å"She was born in Pensacola, Florida, in 1980.† Likewise, a reference to a year is set off from the rest of the sentence when it follows a reference to a month and day (but not to the month alone), as in â€Å"She was born on January 1, 1980, in Pensacola† (but â€Å"She was born in January 1980 in Pensacola†). When the items in a list of locations require internal commas, the items should be set off by semicolons: â€Å"I’ve participated in events with him in Kansas City, Missouri; Rapid City, South Dakota; and Oak Park, Illinois.† However, if only one of the items requires an internal comma, place it last in the series and rely on commas to distinguish the items: â€Å"I’ve participated in events with him in New York City, San Francisco, and Bloomington, Indiana.† But if such a list requires a scheme of priority, such as chronological or geographical order, retain semicolons: â€Å"I’ve participated in events with him in Bloomington, Indiana; San Francisco; and New York City.† Alternatively, for the sake of simplicity, set the more complex item apart from the simpler ones: â€Å"I’ve participated in events with him in San Francisco and New York City, as well as in Bloomington, Indiana.†) 2. Examples and Definitions Words or phrases that identify a preceding or following example or definition, or that constitute a definition or explanation, should be framed in commas, as in these examples: â€Å"The series features mysteries, thrillers, etc., presented throughout the summer.† â€Å"I would, for example, clean the gasket before attaching it.† â€Å"They then established a cache, or a hiding place, for their supplies.† For clarity, however, it’s sometimes best to set off a preceding abbreviation, word, or phrase between em dashes (or parentheses), as shown in this example: â€Å"I like books in the action genres i.e., stories with chase scenes, gunfights, and so on though characterization and plot are also important to me.† 3. Direct Address When a writer or speaker directs a descriptive word or phrase for one or more readers or audience members to that target, the description is set off from the rest of the statement. â€Å"Hi, John.† â€Å"Attention, all passengers we will begin boarding procedures soon.† â€Å"I am confident, dear reader, that when you have finished this story, you will agree with me.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:7 Examples of Passive Voice (And How To Fix Them)Loan, Lend, Loaned, Lent50+ Words That Describe Animals (Including Humans)

Growth and Development of SMEs in Indian Textile Industry Essay

Growth and Development of SMEs in Indian Textile Industry - Essay Example In order to understand further the framework and theoretical part of the study, this study will try to find other related information from books and academic journals. The topics will include managing acquisition, doing mergers, Indian culture, MSEs and other related topics. Methodology The data will be both quantitative and qualitative. The variable that will be of primary importance is the financial performance of small family owned textile businesses. This variable will be used to as the basis of information about the growth and development of small family owned textile business. This will be analyzed using inferential statistics by comparison of means to be generated by SPSS. Quantitative data that will be obtained from the respondents will be those that are related to financial performance. Qualitative data that will be obtained are those other information related to answering the research questions. Information will be gathered through personal interview. Questionnaire will also be used as a way to gather important information from the respondents. The chosen respondents are owners of small family owned textile business in the city of Surat (Guijarat), the textile hub of India. About ten percent of these businesses will be randomly chosen by the proponent. Random sampling will prevent bias and impartiality of information. Action Plan: The action plan of this study is presented in the Ghant Chart below. This is to ensure that the study will be implemented on a step by step process.

Diplomacy Gameplay Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Diplomacy Gameplay - Article Example eos, Cineplexes, and TV ads, where pluralistic worlds and multiple realisms are captured to the furthest in digital mocks and metaphors (Potter 2002, pg. 34). Young people today are fully relaxed with the initiative of such created worlds, produced veracities, and de-centered selves, since their relative experience is mostly through the de-centered, hyper-real surroundings of digital computer systems. Diplomacy is a seven-player board game that is derived from the great efforts of the major European influences during World War I. The nations play in this game are: England, France, Germany, Russia, Italy, Austria-Hungary, and Turkey (Jonathan et al. 2004, pg. 44). Game Board: The board contains seventy-three bordering regions and every player begins with pieces in lieu of armed forces units in their native lands. Thirty-five of the seventy provinces on the board are described as â€Å"supply countries†. The objective of the game is to manage eighteen of the thirty-five supply hubs. A player will then have lots of pieces on the board as he/she possesses supply centers. Pieces: They are signified as one of two major types of armed forces units: militias and fleets. Fleets are permitted to go across bodies of water and coastline regions, at the same time as armed forces can shift onto any neighboring region. Both of these units have equivalent power in the game. Actions and Orders: On every spring or fall turn, a piece can be controlled to carry out the following actions: move, hold or support. A move order will transport a piece from one province to an adjacent province. A hold order will keep the piece in it current location. A support order will help another piece that is moving from one region to another beside the piece carrying out the support order. This aid allows the moving piece to occupy a region during circumstances of conflict. GamePlay: A head-to-head â€Å"game of Diplomacy† engages a talk time during each twist of about thirty minutes where players

Market Research for Banking Industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Market Research for Banking Industry - Essay Example However, situations changed and matters about financial growth caused a lot of individuals lose sight of the possibility of losing track of the development and falling off the trail towards freedom and financial progress. This is what has happened among bank industries as they face the world's most devastating situation of global financial crisis. The imbalance of monetary distribution has now caused many ordinary people who were basically the main clients of local bank branches are now opting to spend their money than save it since what they are earning now is just enough for their daily needs. Meanwhile, those who have better options of saving some of their earnings are becoming cautious about picking the right bank to which they are to invest their money in. In this regard, the banking industry has become a much sceptical commercial branch that needs to be supported through advancement and systemic progress at present so as to allow the smaller financial institutions such as local and rural banks to have at least a "say" in the current competition that they are involved in which practically includes the bigger names of larger banking organizations. In the study that follows, a proposal of a proper research on how bank consumers view their bank hosts and how they are able to choose over a lot of financial organizations offering them different options of service and saving shall be presented and discussed. This discussion is expected to have a great impact in the process by which smaller banking entities are able to operate successfully in the industry that they have chosen to join. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Formulation of Research Propositions 5 2. The Focus Group 6 3. Observations and Analysis 7 4. Interview Probe 8 4.1 Sample Population 13 4.2 Control of Variables Involved 13 4.3 Handling Ethical Issues 14 5. Case Study Presentation 14 6. Expectations 15 7. References 16 1. Formulation of Research Propositions Banks are of course are among the most important institutions in the human society today. Being the bonds that hold the finances of the people, they also stand as the epitome of the society's development when it comes to economic advancement. However, with the peak of the global financial crisis happening at present, it could not be denied that banks too have quite lost the attracting factor that they have on target clients years before the crisis began. With all these issues impending to affect the decisions of bank consumers, it could seen how the level of interest that the people have towards the intensity of their investments and how they are to manage their earnings that involves bank based investments have already decreased. Saving up money may be only a second priority to many as not so many have any spare budget to save in the bank anymore (WSB, 2009 , Internet) . Apparently, average families earn only as much as they could use for the day and have at least only 20% of their annual income actually dedicated to savings. (Rothbard, 1983, 45) Yes, although banks had been the worldwide economic backbone on the past, it could still not be denied that the entire procedure of taking into consideration the fact that this industry is already at its

I will attach Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

I will attach - Assignment Example It limits employees from inquiring about various issues such as marriage, age, terminal disorders and bank statements. According to the law, all Americans are entitled to privacy regardless of their circumstances (Loenen and Rodrigues, 1999). The ‘EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY COMMISSION’ oversees complaints regarding discrimination in the employment sector (Dol.gov, 2014). The anti-discriminatory laws prevent employers from hiring on racial, sex orientation and healthy basis (Seaquist, 2012). According to the laws, it is illegal to obtain information on the employee’s private life regarding their marital status, race, country of origin, age and medical conditions. The purpose of the essay is to apply the anti-discriminatory laws in advertising for a job position. The essay also identifies various legal and illegal questions directed to employees by employers (Seaquist, 2012). The Administrative Assistant will undertake various confidential, technical and administrative tasks within the department. The Administrative Assistant supports several teams in company including the Intellectual property department team, procurement marketing and advertising groups in the company. The assistant will also open new legitimate reviews and obtain responses on business deadlines by pursuing the subject matter in question. In addition, the Administrative Assistant will communicate and advise both internal and external customers on legal requests that relate to communication review, advertising, and appropriate guidelines on trademarks The assistance administrator processes documents, evaluates the legality of the company’s undertakings and researching on law infringements issues in the organization. Moreover, the assistant is responsible for filing patents, infringement and trademarks documents. The assistant administrator prepares internal customers’ reports and works on special project within the organization. Moreover, he or she maintains the

Max Scheler Theory of Values Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Max Scheler Theory of Values - Research Paper Example This is the second highest ranked value that encourages truth among people. Here, the truth is the positive value, which is crucial among all people while falsehood is a disvalue. Individuals will be at liberty to choose either, but it is better to choose to be truthful than the opposite. This value encourages people to treat others with respect and nobility. By so doing, there will be more good than evil in the society. Being vulgar on the other end is a negative value that leads to negativity in the society. These values directly relate to the feeling of human being. Many individuals choose to offer pleasure to others, which is a positive value as compared to causing pain on others. Individuals are encouraged to avoid causing pain on others. These values provide comfort to human beings and enable them to live in harmony. This is the lowest ranked value of Scheler. Individuals are at liberty to choose what they want, though it encourages choosing what is agreeable to others rather than the disagreeable. According to Scheler (1987), people can be said to be good if they decide to choose the positive values over the negative values, regardless of the situation at hand. There can be no measure to rank individuals as good or bad when they alternate good and bad behaviour, therefore individuals should always choose to do

I will attach Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

I will attach - Assignment Example It limits employees from inquiring about various issues such as marriage, age, terminal disorders and bank statements. According to the law, all Americans are entitled to privacy regardless of their circumstances (Loenen and Rodrigues, 1999). The ‘EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY COMMISSION’ oversees complaints regarding discrimination in the employment sector (Dol.gov, 2014). The anti-discriminatory laws prevent employers from hiring on racial, sex orientation and healthy basis (Seaquist, 2012). According to the laws, it is illegal to obtain information on the employee’s private life regarding their marital status, race, country of origin, age and medical conditions. The purpose of the essay is to apply the anti-discriminatory laws in advertising for a job position. The essay also identifies various legal and illegal questions directed to employees by employers (Seaquist, 2012). The Administrative Assistant will undertake various confidential, technical and administrative tasks within the department. The Administrative Assistant supports several teams in company including the Intellectual property department team, procurement marketing and advertising groups in the company. The assistant will also open new legitimate reviews and obtain responses on business deadlines by pursuing the subject matter in question. In addition, the Administrative Assistant will communicate and advise both internal and external customers on legal requests that relate to communication review, advertising, and appropriate guidelines on trademarks The assistance administrator processes documents, evaluates the legality of the company’s undertakings and researching on law infringements issues in the organization. Moreover, the assistant is responsible for filing patents, infringement and trademarks documents. The assistant administrator prepares internal customers’ reports and works on special project within the organization. Moreover, he or she maintains the

The Recruitment Method and Selection Procedures Applied at the Research Paper

The Recruitment Method and Selection Procedures Applied at the McDonalds Corporation - Research Paper Example This paper seeks to assess the effectiveness and appropriateness of the recruitment method and selection procedures applied at the McDonald's corporation. It will also address the use of the internet as a recruitment tool at McDonald's. it is expected that proper recommendations for improvement will be presented after an evaluation of the strengths and weaknesses of the recruitment policies and procedures applied at McDonald's. McDonald's opened its door to the UK public in 1974 and as of the end of 2004, there were over 1330 McDonald's UK restaurants, with 60 % being company owned, employing 43, 491 individuals and the rest being franchises, employing 25, 000 individuals. For each McDonald's restaurant, its management is responsible for maintaining its own independent operations, accounting, inventory control, training and Human Resource functions. There are two groups of employees; the hourly-paid, also known as the crew members, and are charged with the task of carrying tasks that ensure a restaurant runs efficiently. The other groups are the salaried managers who manage operations and oversee the business and crew members' performance. McDonald's established that for the organization to register improved organizational outcomes, it is imperative that effective recruitment and selection practices are applied.   McDonald's prides itself in being an equal opportunity employer that does not discriminate along gender, nationality, race, colour, marital status, age, religion, political affiliation or any other unjustified reason. In 1992, McDonald's put in place the Equal Opportunities Group that was aimed at encouraging a workplace that was characterized by equality and diversity.

Legitimacy Crisis Essay Example for Free

Legitimacy Crisis Essay I know that plagiarism is wrong. Plagiarism is to use another’s work and pretend that it is one’s own. 2. I have used the â€Å"Harvard† convention for citation and referencing. Each contribution to, and quotation in, this essay/report/project from the work(s) of other people has been attributed, and has been cited and referenced. 3. This essay/report/project is my own work. 4. I have not allowed, and will not allow, anyone to copy my work with the intention of passing it off as his or her own work. Signature: Jvanrooyn Word Count: 308 excluding in-text citations Jihad Van Rooyen. Introduction to Politics, Tutorial Group #11 12 March 2014 Assignment #3 Legitimacy Crisis Revolutions result in a ubiquitous change in society. This essay ascertains themes throwing legitimacy into crisis through an evaluation of the sources of the French, Russian and Iranian revolutions. As stipulated by Max Weber in his legitimacy crisis ideals, society functions on a moral relationship between the ruler and the ruled (Hague, Harrop Breslin, 1992:19). Non-acceptance by the ruled would result in a regime losing its legitimacy and pave way for a political break-down. This is emphasized by John Locke in the Social Contract, where he deemed that society has no moral obligation to the regime when the contract is breached (Spragens, 1997:34). Thus, legitimacy certifies political stability and must be lost before any revolution can transpire. The French Revolution was based on the constitutional and monetary crises, which lead to instability. Thus through the failure of the regime to meet demands, legitimacy was lost and a secular revolution followed (Hague, Harrop Breslin, 1992:72). Relative deprivation was an immediate by-factor, clearly evident through the revolts against the structural conditions, which ultimately abolished absolute monarchy in France (Hague, Harrop Breslin, 1992:74). Similarly to the French revolution, the Russian overthrowing of the old political system proved easier than consolidating power (Hague, Harrop Breslin, 1992:79), especially after both revolutions were influenced by the regime’s spending on warfare. Both revolutions involved peasants uprising, owing to hunger, poverty and social inequality. The Tsar was not able to meet the demands of the citizens and in so doing lost credibility. In contrast, Iran’s old regime had not been ravaged by warfare nor had it suffered monetary failure, prior to its revolution (Hague, Harrop Breslin, 1992:79). The revolution was a religious affair against the regime. Like the previous two revolutions, expectations amongst the people were not met by the regime. In conclusion, when a regime doesn’t fulfill its moral obligation to the people or if they do not meet the expectation of the citizens, relative deprivation could occur which could ultimately result in illegitimacy and a revolution.

A Discussion On Police Discretion Criminology Essay

A Discussion On Police Discretion Criminology Essay Domestic violence, is associated with a series of long term physical problems alongside it will have also psychological factors which is a serious health problem. The growing concerns of violence against woman caused the increase of more police officers to take extra shifts to cover the victims of domestic violence. However, with that the police also has to implement a great deal of discretion. The police department will give the officers indirectly or clearly the choice what laws they want to enforce and when, most of the time police officers already know which cases prosecutors will keep and which ones the judge will convict. In some cases police officers have already been persuaded from many of the last cases they had to deal with, which kind of makes their decision easier. Research shows that most of the arrests are made by the officers if there was physical harm done. Domestic violence is a growing issue and it has an impact on may different individuals such as, partners, parents, children, and extended family members. In many cases domestic violence can often be fatal , but it can also be prevented and treated. Many cases include spousal battery, sexual abuse, child abuse to name a few. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, also calls domestic violence intimate partner violence is well defined as physical or sexual violence or even psychological and emotional abuse that is intended to hurt a spouse, or even a current spouse (CDC, 2012). The center for disease control also defines intimate partner violence spouse abuse, battering, and even marital rape (CDC, 2012). The community and society is a perfect place and it has the ability to protect and separate the risk of such vast growing violence. Woman which is most exposed to domestic violence have two types of solutions that they are able to use. One, police officers can arrest or charge an individual and prosecutors can follow a criminal restrictive. Secondly, victims of domestic violence can also follow civil actions against the offenders by filing for a protective order in which case it can be temporary or permanent. These kinds of order can be issued to individuals that are involved in an abusive relationship, which will keep the abuser from contacting the victim. A temporary restraining order can be issued which can last up to one to two weeks, after that a mandatory hearing is set to determine the reason why the individual needs a restraining order and for how long. In 1994 the Violence Against Women Act was passed, with that the demand for police officer also grew higher to protect domes tic violence victims. At the same time more funding was passed to make it mandatory for police officers to arrest an individual based on probable cause and to determine that a crime has been committed and the person in question has committed the actual crime. Additionally, the enactment of the primary offender concept and a speedy prosecution were also ordered by the state. With that the increase in domestic violence arrest was rising to 30 percent and higher. The federal government spends a large amount of money, to encourage local areas to cure the cause of domestic violence and to treat it as a serious crime and to attack these kinds of crimes with force. There are many other states that are now passing the law to make it mandatory for police officers to arrest individuals that are under a restraining order (Holmes, Sylvia I. Mignon William M., 1995). However, under this new law the officers can use less discretion. The study showed that incidence under that new law showed the re lations with arrests and the offending arrests are less and offending based on reports and victims story. The spectrum of the criminal justice starts with the police itself. Discretion is distinct for the officer to have the power to make his or her choice based on possible options of actions or inactions. Police officers implement a large amount of discretion that comes with their job description as a protector of the community and their safety and also for the individuals that are unable to protect themselves. There is a plethora of research that has been done on police discretion: it lists as many as 140 titles related to discretion of the police in criminal justice alone and the the way discretion is used and how it affects their decision making. There are many factors to consider that might influence police discretion when arresting individuals such as, race ethnicity and how serious the offense is (Justice, U.S. Department of, 1999). There has been many debates on the advantages and disadvantages of a mandatory arrest and it depends on three main questions. One, will mandatory arrests increase or decrease the violence for victims? Two, will mandatory arrests encourage or discourage victims, and lastly should domestic violence be treated the same way as a violent crime (Barata, Paula C; Schneider, Frank, 2004)? Increase or decrease, the argument in support of mandatory arrest for violence can be decreased due to the warning signs that are affected by the abuser. This means that abusers will learn to control their violent behavior due to the fact that they are afraid of future arrests. Studies have shown that mandatory arrests will control domestic violence. However, in some other studies the increase of domestic violence has been noticed when following the mandatory arrest procedure, and most of the victims were unmarried or the abuser was unemployed (Barata, Paula C; Schneider, Frank, 2004). In this case it led s ome to believe that mandatory arrests do not work on lowering the domestic violent crimes on the contrary it actually escalated the violence for some victims. Empowerment or disempowerment, has the possibility that mandatory arrests may disempower a victim or survivor, because it take the womans right away to make her own decision to a much more powerful court system that has not been exactly the sensitive womans rights (Barata, Paula C; Schneider, Frank, 2004). There are also many reasons why an abused woman may not want to follow through with the abusers arrest, for the following reason; she might be afraid of retaliation, financial issues that it might cause to name a few. Certainly, a court system has the assumption that the victim does not what might be best for the family and to a victim that might come across as condescending. In some cases there was also an increase of concern that there might be a dual arrest under the mandatory arrest law. What makes matters worse is when a victim is arrested that would be a great disempowerment. However, it has been used in the past that when the empowerment of a woman is taken away , the implementation of a mandatory arrest is placed. So by letting the victim have some empowerment it will ensure that her complaint is taken seriously, which makes her think her police is on her side. Some believe that mandatory arrests empower women by limiting police discretion and that leads to a non bias arresting. It is also noted that woman who has increased empowerment which is more likely in woman that are a minority, they are more likely to use the police services to stop violent crimes from happening. (Barata, Paula C; Schneider, Frank, 2004) noted that for instance family violence shoulcategorizeded differently then stranger sault. Some believe that police officers should only handle only very dangerous crimes, and that the rest of the crimes should be handled outside the criminal system like privet counseling. Mandatory arrest laws need to be replaced with organized police discretion, which include using the victims decision and using it for example taking the item to a safe place like shelter or such. Some say hat revoking of the mandatory arrest law would make things worse in controlling domestic violence, and would return the violence to its normal stage. Criminalizing domestic violence will send a big message to the public that this kind of behavior is unacceptable and will not be tolerated. The mandatory arrest debate produced a lot of attention for much of the problem of policing and domestic violence. However, whether or not it is beneficial to have a mandatory arrest law for victims of domestic violence remains questionable. After carefully observing the evidence pertaining to the violence issue, it has generated inconsistent findings in the conclusion. Two of the findings on the issues of arrests whether or not it empowers or disempowers victims of domestic violence, is an issue that might be better off if it is dealt with inside/outside the criminal justice system. But it has still to be examined with research and it is mainly a speculation. There is still important information that is yet to be studied, and that is the victims themselves, and how they preserve the mandatory arrest law. Do victims of domestic violence care about the enactment of the mandatory arrest and what do they observe as being an advantage or disadvantage of the action. Whether victims feel t hreatened or safer with this particular law and are they more inspired or discouraged is the question. In recent times victims of domestic violence were clearly not in a talking mood. Fortunately, there has been an outpouring of research in recent years that has studied victims and their presumption of the criminal justice system. There has been only a few studies that show the consideration for victims and the support for a mandatory arrest (Barata, Paula C; Schneider, Frank, 2004). It has shown that most of the victims are supporting the mandatory law not necessarily for them but for the other individuals benefit. Though, either one of the studies dug deep enough into the above mentioned issues that have been stressed in the debate about mandatory arrest. It is the strategic effect on the levels of violence, of empowerment and if it demonstrates that domestic violence is looked at as a serious crime. The main influence of this study is that it goes much further into the question i f victims care for the mandatory arrest law and it also examines the view on the issues. This study is also useful to see how flexible as well as not so flexible the study is. The main idea of this study is to find out what victims think of the mandatory arrest law and if it has an advantage or a disadvantage. The main point is to find out to what degree victims support this kind of law. Individuals have been asked in the study if the mandatory arrest is sufficient enough to keep violent offenders away from victims and the second question was should domestic violence be treated as other violent crimes. Additionally, the support for mandatory arrest was also measured if it was mainly for the victims own case in terms of domestic violence or if it was measured in a general sense. Results showed which was expected that victims supported the policy for domestic violence very strongly for more general purpose than for their own cases. It is clear that many of the participants in this above study are more interested in the benefit that it helps other individuals before it helps the victims itself. As mentioned at the beginning domestic violence has long term physical problems alongside it will have also psychological factors which is a serious health problem. Which make police discussion a huge problem in some cases it is whether to arrest some offenders and permit others to keep taking part in criminal misconduct. It is the way police departments implement this discretion and what consequences it might have in the long run. However, when police officers have to tackle a domestic violent case it can be very stressful for an officer, because they only have a split second to think. When officers have little to no time to think it makes it very hard to determine what kind of discretion is appropriate and what is not. In many cases it is very hard to make this kind of decision on a short notice, however as mentioned above many of the officers already have a hunch from previous cases if the victim is saying things for their own personal gain or if they are telling the truth. In conclusion all of the above main issues mentioned earlier on mandatory arrests were addressed to variable degrees in individuals that participated in the open ended response. Much of the studies that took place was very encouraging because it showed that the discussion are important for the victims concerns. However, in recent research it was highlighted that some issues such as, the effects it had on supporting or non supporting of mandatory arrests. Domestic violence was certainly a noticeable concern for many of the victims in this study, though it was not their first priority in their decision to support this kind of policy. For that reason, it would be a mistake to use the study to increase or decrease in domestic violence to measure the achievement or the disappointment of the issue. Many other similar studies have been conducted, and many of the women participating in this study felt that mandatory arrests are very important. Which is quite a lucky break because in many cou ntries and other states the mandatory arrest law is already in place. What was most important in this particular study was the fact that many of the individuals sheds light on many of the reasons why monetary arrests should be made to save the victims. Even though some have issues with the mandatory arrest laws and some do not the best way to figure out the pros and cons on this issue to have the victims of domestic violence decide what is best for the individual crime. The officer will always face issues when it comes to arrests but it is for the individual officer to decide whether to arrest an abuser or whether to listen to both parties to make the right judgement call.

Prejudice in Telephone Conversation and Dinner Guest-Me Essay -- Wole

Prejudice in Telephone Conversation and Dinner Guest-Me In the two poems, ‘Telephone Conversation’ and ‘Dinner Guest-Me,’ each poet uses their poetry as a means of confronting and challenging prejudice. In ‘Telephone Conversation’ by Wole Soyinka, a phone conversation takes place between an African man and a very artificial lady about renting out a room. When the lady finds out he is African she becomes very prejudiced and racist towards him. ‘Dinner Guest-Me’ by Langston Hughes is about a black man going to a dinner party where he is the only coloured person there, like he is the ‘token black.’ Anger and a sense of humour are shown in both of the poems. In ‘Telephone Conversation’ the African man is angry at the â€Å"peroxide blond† and is disgusted at her for being so rude and racist towards him, â€Å"HOW DARK? ARE YOU LIGHT OR VERY DARK?† The capital letters emphasises the loudness in her voice, whereas, in Langston Hughes poem the other dinner guest are not being prejudiced to the only black dinner guest directly. Although they would ask him â€Å"the usual questions that come into white mind.† Here they are set apart from him as a different race, â€Å"to be part of a Problem on Park Avenue at eight is not so bad.† He’s angry because he is still part of the Negro Problem even though he is with elegant, upper-class people. Hughes is laughing at the white people complaining about not being black, â€Å"I’m so ashamed of being white,† also at the democratic process and him self. He uses satirical humour at the dinner party by poking at establishment. He acknowledges that â€Å"I know I am the Negro Problem† and is aware they have to be polite about him. Wole Soyinka uses sarcastic humour and makes fun of the landlady when he wr... ...ws plenty of anger from Wole Soyinka towards the artifical, white, public. Hughes also seems to be mad at the white populace and thoroughly benefits from poking fun at them. I think Soyinka is trying to make a point of the phony and vulgar individuals there are and draw everyone’s’ attentions to them, Hughes is trying to make us realise just how obnoxious some can be to different races, likewise to Soyinka. I believe both poets succeeded, the poems did make me consider how prejudice many persons are. In conclusion I prefer ‘Dinner Guest-Me’ by Langston Hughes because I enjoyed the satirical humour he used in his poem and how he made the ‘token black’ stand out from all the other guests. Although I think that both use their poetry well as a means of confronting and challenging prejudice that was around back in the 1900s when the two poems were written.

Opposition to the break with Rome

In my opinion I feel that the views of B and C regarding the enforcement of the reformation differentiate reasonably. Source B suggests that the enforcement was made majorly rapid and describes a lot of the events to take place on the same day, all described as extreme and significant. The execution of Elizabeth Barton, the Nun of Kent helped Henry show what the consequences may have been if more threatening action arose. Along with the execution of the Nun of Kent along with Friars Observants, monks and a secular priest was the highly significant treason act. This was a radical act which gave Henry exceeding power which only added to his enforcement over the reformation. As well as this came the propaganda campaign urging people to side with the Royal Supremacy. Over all B depicts the enforcement of the reformation to be obtrusive, vicious and swift. It is more or less illustrating Henry to have bombarded the public with executions, acts and oaths to make un till his support for the Royal Supremacy seemed strong enough, however from historical evidence this is far from the case. Source C on the other hand describes the enforcement of the reformation to be subtle and over a long period of time. It appears as though over the years it has slowly grown until it finally reached the status of a reformation. It explains that adjustments were made slowly and progressively as to not cause an up roar or major disturbance. This can be said true as the break with Rome lasted over such a long period and involved the activities of Henry gradually stretching the Pope's patience beginning with simple proposals yet building up to his separation with the English Church, his name being erased from the service books and all memory of him as head of the church being removed. The public â€Å"ate their reformation† as it was disguised in pleasant sweet wrappers. Through propaganda the piecemeal reformation was not seen as significant un till the enforcement was solid and there was no questions left to be made. This differs with the views o B in that B describes the reformation to be majorly rested upon â€Å"This day†. Hasty actions which led to the finalized reformation, the final break with Rome, unlike C where support was first gained and power was enforced, like a slow trickling tap it will eventually fill up the bath although it will go unheard and unnoticed. On a level the two sources are similar in that they still both reflect some resilience, and retaliation to the radical changes being enforced. Source B â€Å"God, if it be his pleasure, have mercy on their souls† suggests that there were people who were taking note of Henrys actions and acquiring an opposing view although their statuses did not allow them to disagree with the King publically. C, â€Å"the Conservative people of England would find a wholesale Reformation distasteful† also suggests that if the public would have been more conscious of Henrys full intentions, the laid back manner of the majority of the public would have been much less common. Both the sources seem to propose that the enforcement of the Reformation was purposeful, it was not only Henrys desire for a divorce, and the break with Rome was in Henrys full intentions. I think that although the two sources agree about the reaction to the reformation and the progressive build up of more radical, noticeable movements, they differ on how they deliver the enforcement of the reformation, B depicting it on quick ferocious accounts whereas C reflecting it more as a slow creeping hold over the public. B) I think that overall Henry and Cromwell were very successful in containing the opposition to the beak with Rome, there was very little opposition that actually raised itself and any major threats were dealt with effectively to conclude in Henry with the aid of Cromwell succeeding with the break with Rome. Source A agrees on the terms that Henry and Cromwell successfully obtained opposition. â€Å"I trust that the blessed King† shows the awareness of Henrys actions against the Catholic Pope however the source still supports Henrys â€Å"malice against the bishop of Rome† ad still describes the belief left in the King. This source implies opposition was successfully obtained as the source still shows full support towards Henry. The use of â€Å"bishop of Rome† instead of Pope also highlights the fact that this source sides with Henry and his path towards the break with Rome and the willingness of the source (and writer) to follow his lead. Source C also shows support towards the statement in question B. â€Å"The meal was more manageable† suggests that any opposition did not arise due to Henry and Cromwell's cleverly schemed tactics of feeding implications towards the break with Rome in â€Å"tiny morsels† so that no opposition took notice as there did not appear to be any radical or extreme movements being made which was also likely to of been disguised even more so by the aid of propaganda so highly favoured by Henry and Cromwell. This too diverted the public's attention away from the slowly growing reformation onto less offensive topics.

Kudler Accounting System Paper

Kudler Accounting System Paper Jon Lazar BSA/310 January 23, 2012 Jaclyn Krause Kudler Accounting System Paper These days it is especially important to pay attention to details when it comes to deciding if your accounting system is providing the kind of information that may be required of you to produce. I think legal requirements and government regulations are becoming more demanding as to what they expect to see if someone such as the I. R. S. were to show up and ask for an audit. I would like to talk a little about a few of the key features, core technology, benefits, and costs of installing and maintaining an efficient accounting system and some of the benefits it would be to your company, especially in areas where details are crucial. Like the existing accounting system that you have all probably gotten used to here at Kudler, a new accounting system would be set up the same way; by modules. Each module would be more comprehensive and attentive to details that have been apparently overlooked by the present system. In the way of features, I could say that it is the most important overall feature a new system could offer this company. New technology has provided for faster, more detailed and organized data auditing and reporting. This is essential in today’s business world to keep accurate, itemized data entries in order to satisfy government business regulations such as standards set by the I. R. S. Detailed information is especially critical for a company like Kudler, whose business transactions and data entry are performed by a single person. From an internal control standpoint, this isn't desirable. Having only one person, or even a few people doing all the accounting that has to be done in a lot of different areas, opens the door for fraud and embezzlement. Companies that employ more people assigned functions can structure tasks in such a way that those done by the same person don't pose a control threat. Realizing that for smaller companies, a lot of people in the accounting department may not be practical, and/or cost effective, systems have been developed for use with fewer people staffing them and still maintaining security. The internal control structure that can be installed in a new accounting system will help eliminate security risks through mechanics and procedures rather than expensive people (â€Å"Accounting – Basic Accounting Components of the Accounting System†,  2003). There are several top rated Core Accounting programs that would fulfill the needs of your accounting department. Weak areas and areas of concern with the existing system include inventory and ordering control, and the way employees punch in and out for work. Presently, there is no systematic way of ordering supplies other than when a store runs low, an order is placed to share between the three stores. If one of the stores should experience a slow period, overstocking could very well become a problem, especially when freshness of their products is one of Kudler’s trademarks. An inventory control feature within the core program can automatically analyze, predict supply needs for a set delivery date, and actually place the order for each individual store saving lots of time and expense. The process in which employees punch in and out of work and the process it goes through just to get to the payment agency seems very time consuming for Kudler. A payroll processing feature of a new accounting system would record data such as name, date, time, employee number, etc. from a card that an employee would swipe upon signing in or out, process the employee’s personal financial information and then send that information to a printing station to print out the physical checks or send that information to the employee’s bank for direct deposit. Kudler needs a system that is up to date with speed, and technology to be able to produce reliable up to date, detailed account of all transactions made in the form of itemized and organized reports. If it is the intention for Kudler Fine Foods to grow, it must have a system that can grow with it. I do not believe Exel spreadsheets with its time consuming manual entries will be able to keep up with the growth of the company. Replacing the XLX with a SQL database will give the company connect-ability to send and receive data updating reports and balancing finances all in real time. The total cost would include hardware and software upgrades to the main servers as well as each POS at each store. The cost will include the time it takes to install, program, and test the new system. The cost will also include a basic training program and online support along with materials warrantees and our guarantee of customer satisfaction in both product and service. In closing I can only say that the benefits of a new accounting system would surely in the long run outweigh the modest cost of installing a new system. In business, time is money so saving time is saving money, and in this day and age where attention is given to detail, and details can either cost you money or save you money, there is only one logical choice. References: Accounting – Basic Accounting Components of the Accounting System. (2003). Retrieved from http://www. businesstown. com/accounting/basic-components. asp

Baccalaureate Nurses vs. Associate Nurses Essay

Is having a Baccalaureate Degree in Nursing (BSN) better than an Associate Degree in Nursing (ADN)? Why should nurses get a BSN? Many nurses ask themselves these questions. Hospitals are pushing for nurses to advance their education. If there is an ADN nurse and BSN nurse applying for the same position most likely the BSN nurse will receive the job before the ADN nurse because â€Å" the additional course work enhances the student’s professional development, prepares the new nurse for a broader scope of practice, and provides the nurse with a better understanding of the cultural, political, economic, and social issues that affect patients and influence health care delivery† (â€Å"American Association of Colleges of Nursing,† p.1). Different Education Routes for Nurses Diploma graduates, Associate graduates, and Baccalaureate graduates are the three education routes for licensures of Nurses. Even though all three programs sit for the same National Council Licensure Examination for Registered Nurses (NCLEX-RN), this exam verifies only â€Å"minimal competency to provide safe, basic care† (Haverkamp & Ball, 2013, p. 144). ADN vs. BSN Competencies Many say that Associate nurses are trained strictly on clinical skills, whereas Baccalaureate programs â€Å"emphasize evidence-based clinical practice and leadership through course work that includes research, statistics, population-based care, nursing management, and the humanities† (Haverkamp & Ball, 2013, p. 144). This meaning that, Baccalaureate nurses receive training that allows them to look at the whole picture, like why and how things happen and what they can do to prevent them. Associate nurses as a Member of the Health Care Team, â€Å"refer patients and their families to resources that facilitate continuity of care; health promotion, maintenance,  and restoration; and ensure confidentiality† (Texas Board of Nursing). Whereas a Baccalaureate nurse as a Member of Health Care Team, â€Å"use multiple referral resources for patients, families, populations, and communities, considering cost; confidentiality; effectiveness and efficiency of care; continuity and continuum of care; and health promotion, maintenance, and restoration† (Texas Board of Nursing). Patient Care Situation An example in the difference of education between Baccalaureate nurses and Associate nurses is shown here. The patient was admitted for Diabetic Ketoacidosis, not taking home medication because he was homeless and lacked health insurance. Nurse A, admitted this patient and cared for the patient for three days. On the third day the patient was to be discharged, keep in mind this patient came to the hospital because he is a Type 1 diabetic and was admitted for Diabetic Ketoacidosis and was not taking any of his insulin because he could not afford them. Upon Nurse A telling the patient he was going to be discharge the patient became irritated and started to become angry and stated â€Å"I am homeless, how am I suppose to pay for my medications that I need, and I will just come right back to the hospital because I won’t be able to take any of my medications.† Nurse A, being an Associate nurse thought to herself what am I suppose to do? Nurse A then stated to the patient â€Å"The doctor has discharged you so you are medically stable to leave.† Nurse A explained to the patient that the doctor wrote prescriptions for him to take and fill so that way the patient would have his medication. Again the patient stated â€Å"How am I suppose to pay for my medication if I am homeless and have no money.† Nurse A was stuck in what she needed to do. So during morning rounds with Case Management Nurses which carry a BSN, Nurse A expressed the patients concerns and their response was well let us take a look at every resource that we have and maybe we can voucher his medication for one month and possible sign him up for some type of health care that will help him with his insulin and other medications that he needed. The next thing the Baccalaureate nurse did was go into the patient’s room asked a variety of questions and came back out of the room and told Nurse A, that the patient qualifies for state health insurance and that she will work on the vouchers for his medication for a month. The Baccalaureate nurse explained to the Associate nurse that she would have to  go further up in the chain of command to get the medications vouchered. The Baccalaureate nurse also gave the patient resources that would help him with his troubles in life, examples were housing for the homeless, churches that donate clothes and food to the homeless. What if the Nurse had a BSN? If the nurse taking care of this patient had a BSN they would have started to collaborate with the Case Manager about vouchering his medications and helping him find health insurance upon admission. Examples of what the Baccalaureate nurse would do are: find resources for the patient for food, shelter and health insurance on the day the patient was admitted, or have made a case management referral. Whereas the Associate nurse was focused on treating the patients and the illness and verifying and following the doctors orders. This is an example of how a Baccalaureate nurse was able to apply leadership and critical thinking skills while the Associate nurse was unable to. The Associate nurse struggled with the situation that arisen on the day of discharge. For the three days the Associate nurse had the knowledge base to treat the patient illness; taking blood sugars, administering insulin and bringing the patient back to holistic level of wellness. Conclusion In conclusion, it is important for all nurses to further their education. Baccalaureate nurses can provide better care for their patients and educate their patients about their disease process in depth and use the resources available to all nurses. They are also able to provide better patient outcomes through their advanced knowledge. Baccalaureate nurses also have opportunities for career advancement in all sorts of different positions whereas the Associate nurses are most likely staying in patient care areas. Baccalaureate nurses can move up and work as Nurse Managers, Case Managers, Quality Management and Infection Control. The encouragement for all nurses to advance their education is a quality step in the right direction for delivering excellent and safe patient care. References American Association of Colleges of Nursing. The Impact of Education on Nursing Practice. (n.d). Retrieved from http://www.aacn.nche.edu/media-relations/fact-sheets/impact-of-education Haverkamp, J. J., & Ball, K. (2013, August). BSN 10: What is Your Opinion? AORN Journal, 98(2), 144-152. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aorn.2013.06.006 Texas Board of Nursing. (December 2011). Differentiated Essential Competencies of Graduates of Texas Nursing Programs. Retrieved from http://www.bon.texas.gov/about/pdfs/delc-2010.pdf

Rights associated with land Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Rights associated with land - Essay Example Fishing rights in England and Scotland are private as opposed to public rights in USA, while water rights follow a riparian system in the UK and USA, except the western states where an appropriation system is used. Mineral Rights are provided to property owners who may have the right to allocate subsurface rights to other parties, but in England and Scotland the rights to precious and energy minerals rests with the Crown, while rights of ownership to other minerals may also rest with community bodies. Mineral Rights: In Scotland, land ownership is based on a feudal system whereby the owner or feuar was subjected to title conditions with reservations of mineral rights. Under the feudal system, previous owners of property known as feudal superiors, retained rights over the land even after it was sold, together with the right to enforce title conditions. (www.hmitchell.co.uk). This system was recently abolished under the Abolition of Feudal Tenure (Scotland) Act 2000, however despite the abolition of the system, a reservation of mineral rights in the feudal title still remains valid. As a result, it may restrict the mineral rights of owners of property. The Land Reform (Scotland) Act 2003 provides communities and crofts with the pre-emptive rights to acquire mineral rights, with the exception of oil, gas, coal, gold or silver.(www.lindsays.co.uk) The ownership of the rights to precious and energy minerals is vested in the Government. Throughout the U.K, mineral rights to gold and silver are owned by the Crown and the mines of these metals are known as mines royal.

Globalization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 5

Globalization - Essay Example This business expansion facilitates exchange of technology and expertise so that developing economies can build upon the existing knowledge base. The business expansion creates new business opportunities through economies of scale so that the prices are reduced. This means that economies have more resources to spare in investing in living standards. Critical evaluation Globalization has enabled economies like China and India to join the world economy. By joining the World Trade Organization (WTO), the Chinese government has been able to attract massive amounts of foreign direct investments in its economy. Such success would not have been possible without infrastructure development. Because China has improved infrastructure, companies from the developed economies have established operations in the country. Given China’s massive population, foreign companies can access a very large market which leads to economies of scale. Another advantage of operating in China is that the labo ur costs are low, so that companies can reduce production costs to a significant extent. This enables them to offer goods and services at significantly lower prices in all parts of the world. This is the international trade which has been facilitated through the process of globalization. The process of globalization has been aided by technological developments. The emergence of the Internet has enabled businesses to coordinate their international operations to a greater extent. The enhanced coordination has also led to cost streamlining. Therefore multinational organizations have been able to create new business opportunities and capitalize upon them to the fullest extent. By creating additional business opportunities, the companies have been able to reduce the competitive threats in their respective industries. According to Porter’s five forces analysis, the competitive threat in an industry is defined by the threat of new entrants, the threat of substitute products, bargain ing powers of customers and suppliers and finally, the threat of existing competition (Scholte, 2005). Globalization affects all five forces. The threat of new entrants has been reduced since companies no longer have to be limited to the domestic markets. The threat of substitute products has been reduced because globalization enables companies to offer products and services in markets which previously did not have them. The bargaining power of customers is less of a threat because companies can achieve economies of scale more quickly, so that loss of customers from high prices does not affect profitability. Bargaining power of suppliers is also reduced as multinational companies can offer a lot of business opportunities to the supply chain management companies so that they are willing to offer lower prices. The threat of existing competition is reduced because there are international markets which offer additional demand. This means that for multinational companies, the competition has decreased. However for domestic companies, globalization has increased competition. For example, the domestic companies in developing economies are facing increased competition as multinational companies are entering their markets through globalization. Therefore, while multinational companies are creating new business opportunities through globaliz

The effect of oil and gas to Qatar's economy Research Paper

The effect of oil and gas to Qatar's economy - Research Paper Example s from exporting various products, every industrial giant within these nations consume massive amount of oil in order to maintain smooth functionality in the operations and thus contribute to the overall economic development of the nations. In terms of Qatar’s economic condition and position, recent reports project that the nation experiences a real growth rate of about 5.5 % and is ranked 44th position in terms of world ranking. The per capita income of this nation was $102,100 in terms of world ranking till the year 2013. Observably, the nations is ranked 3rd in terms of gross national savings, 19th in terms of crude oil production and 6th in terms of natural gas production (Central Intelligence Agency, â€Å"The World Factbook† ). By taking into concern the findings of this particular study, the null hypothesis to be tested in this study will be, â€Å"The oil and gas segment has no considerable impact on Qatar’s economy has been validated†. Research Evaluation Technique. The information accumulated from the research work certainly helps in determining the validity of the above-depicted null hypothesis. It can be affirmed that the research question is mainly structured with the intention of understanding that how oil and gas sector being the primary sector in the Qatari economy impose extensive impact specifically on the governments’ revenue earnings, governmental export process, economic liquidity rate and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of the nation. It would be vital to mention in this similar concern that the above-portrayed null hypothesis has been designed in such a way so that there occurs a high possibility of getting it rejected at the time when the findings of the research are revealed. This literature review section has been formulated completely depending upon the secondary data sources. This method implemented for literature review in this study includes the effective evaluation of the various online journals, reports and government websites.

Improving UNBSJ services and facilities Statistics Project

Improving UNBSJ services and facilities - Statistics Project Example In the third place is the University of Waterloo which is ranked the ninth among the other Canadian Universities. The University of New Brunswick is the last among the four ranked position and the twenty fifth among the other universities. The Universities offer varied and wide range of courses. They have difference in population according to the number of courses and expansion in different regions. The Universities with large populations have many constituent colleges and campuses with respect to the high number of courses (timeshighereducation.co.uk, 2012). The University of Toronto was founded in 1827 by the royal charter. The university is recognized as one of the universities that provide the strongest teaching and research faculties in North America. It ranks first in Canada while being sixteenth worldwide. The University has more than seventy thousand student across three campuses: St. George, Mississauga and Scarborough. The University has existed for a long time and is among the few that have produced over four hundred and fifty million alumni all over the world (utoronto.ca, 2012). The university has a large number of international students as compared to the others. The University is committed to upholding recognition as an internationally significant research university with undergraduate, graduate and professional programs of excellent quality. They are known for influential in activities such as the literary criticism, curricula and communication theory. The influential and collectively recognized is the Toronto school. The University offers a wide range of courses from undergraduate, graduate to postdoctoral programs. Most of the programs are delivered at the St. George Campus. The programs offered in the university are grouped in eight different categories: Computer science, Engineering, Humanities and Social Sciences, Kinesiology and Physical Education, Life Sciences, Music, Physical and Mathematical Sciences and Rotman

Writing the Target Audience Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Writing the Target Audience Analysis - Essay Example The photo is larger than the interior second picture and thus the large appeal. The first photograph contains more Aristotelian appeal than the second paragraph. The magazine focuses on adults that are above the age of 18 but below 25. This group is commonly known as the young adults group. The reason for stating that this is the most preferred age group for the magazine is because of the explicit content contained in the magazine. When reading the column on the right of the left page one gets to view issues revolving around sex and it is such issues that should not be accessed by young people. In the contemporary environment, there have been different issues that involve young people getting into explicit behavior at a young age and the reason for this is the access to such magazines. It is from this that one understands that adults are the targets of this magazine. Young adults value information regarding new experience in the intimate sector. Many people around this age have little experience in intimacy and from the magazine, the audience value information regarding the subject of the column who discusses her experience when breaking her virginity. From this information one gets to understand the reason why the young adults relate to the magazine The second advertisement is that of acclaimed clothing line, Gucci. Gucci is an international store that has had the ability to capture the attention of many people from the classy products it has introduced into the market. When looking at the advertisement, one thing to note is the elegant bottle of perfumed displayed on the box. Prior to identifying the bottle, the first thing noticed is the color of the background in the advertisement. Color brown is internationally recognized as to having a certain appeal on people and the fact that it is the one used in the advertisement, it is very easy to capture potential buyers’ attention. Looking at one side of the

Roles of an Hr Manager Essay Example for Free

Roles of an Hr Manager Essay The administrative roles of human resource management include policy formulation and implementation, housekeeping, records maintenance, welfare administration, legal compliance etc. i. Policy maker: The human resource manager helps management in the formation of policies governing talent acquisition and retention, wage and salary administration, welfare activities, personnel records, working conditions etc. He also helps in interpreting personnel policies in an appropriate manner. ii. Administrative expert: The administrative role of an HR manager is heavily oriented to processing and record keeping. Maintaining employee files, and HR related databases, processing employee benefit claims, answering queries regarding leave, transport and medical facilities, submitting required reports to regulatory agencies are examples of the administrative nature of HR management. These activities must be performed efficiently and effectively to meet changing requirements of employees, customers and the government. iii. Advisor: It is said that personnel management is not a line responsibility but a staff function. The personnel manager performs his functions by advising, suggesting, counseling and helping the line managers in discharging their responsibilities relating to grievance redressal, conflict resolution, employee selection and training. Personnel advice includes preparation of reports, communication of guidelines for the interpretation and implementation of policies, providing information regarding labor laws etc. iv. Housekeeper: The administrative roles of a personnel manager in managing the show include recruiting, pre-employment testing, reference checking, employee surveys, time keeping, wage and salary administration, benefits and pension administration, wellness programmes, maintenance of records etc. v. Counselor: The personnel manager discusses various problems of the employees relating to work, career, their supervisors, colleagues, health, family, financial, social, etc. and advises them on minimizing and overcoming problems, if any. vi. Welfare officer: Personnel manager is expected to be the Welfare Officer of the company. As a Welfare officer he provides and maintains (on behalf of the company) canteens, hospitals, creches, educational institutes, clubs, libraries, conveyance facilities, co-operative credit societies and consumer stores. Under the Factories Act, Welfare officers are expected to take care of safety, health and welfare of employees. The HR managers are often asked to oversee if everything is in line with the company legislation and stipulation. vii. Legal consultant: Personnel manager plays a role of grievance handling, settling of disputes, handling disciplinary cases, doing collective bargaining, enabling the process of joint consultation, interpretation and implementation of various labor laws, contacting lawyers regarding court cases, filing suits in labor courts, industrial tribunals, civil courts and the like. In some organizations, the above administrative functions are being outsourced to external providers in recent times, with a view to increasing efficiency as also cutting operational costs. Technology is being put to good use to automate many of the administrative tasks. Operational Roles These roles are tactical in nature and include recruiting, training and developing employees; coordinating HR activities with the actions of managers and supervisors throughout the organization and resolving differences between employees. i. Recruiter: â€Å"Winning the war for talent† has become an important job of HR managers in recent times in view of the growing competition for people possessing requisite knowledge, skills and experience. HR managers have to use their experience to good effect while laying down lucrative career paths to new recruits without, increasing the financial burden to the company. ii. Trainer developer, motivator: Apart from talent acquisition, talent retention is also important. To this end, HR managers have to find skill deficiencies from time to time, offer meaningful training opportunities, and bring out the latent potential of people through intrinsic and extrinsic rewards which are valued by employees. iii. Coordinator/linking pin: The HR manager is often deputed to act as a linking pin between various divisions/departments of an organization. The whole exercise is meant to develop rapport with divisional heads, using PR and communication skills of HR executives to the maximum possible extent. iv. Mediator: The personnel manager acts as a mediator in case of friction between two employees, groups of employees, superiors and subordinates and employees and management with the sole objective of maintaining industrial harmony. v. Employee champion: HR managers have traditionally been viewed as ‘company morale officers’ or employee advocates. Liberalisation, privatisation and globalization pressures have changed the situation dramatically HR professionals have had to move closer to the hearts of employees in their own self interest. To deliver results they are now seriously preoccupied with: l Placing people on the right job. l Charting a suitable career path for each employee. l Rewarding creditable performance. l Resolving differences between employees and groups smoothly. l Adopting family-friendly policies. l Ensuring fair and equitable treatment to all people regardless of their background. l Striking a happy balance between the employees personal/professional as also the larger organisational needs. l Representing workers’ issues, problems and concerns to the management in order to deliver effective results HR managers have to treat their employees as valuable assets. Such an approach helps to ensure that HR practices and principles are in sync with the organisation’s overall strategy. It forces the organisation to invest in its best employees and ensure that performance standards are not compromised. Strategic Roles An organisation’s success increasingly depends on the knowledge, skills and abilities of its employees, particularly as they help establish a set of core competencies (activities that the firm performs especially well when compared to its competitors and through which the firm adds value to its goods and services over a long period of time, e.g. ONGC s oil exploration capabilities and Dells ability to deliver low cost, high-quality computers at an amazing speed) that distinguish an organisation from its competitors. When employees’ talents are valuable, rare, difficult to imitate and organised, a firm can achieve sustained competitive advantage through its people. The strategic role of HR management focuses attention on how to enable ordinary employees to turn out extraordinary performance, taking care of their ever-changing expectations. The key areas of attention in this era of global competition include effective management of key Resources (employees, technology, work processes), while delivering cost effective, valueenhancing solution.