Activities of Living Model Case Study

Activities of Living Model Case StudyAssessment - diagnosis - plan - intervention - evaluation department 1Brief cornerst iodin to the person (max 200 words)Anna is a 42 class old bird who has Rett syndrome and unrelenting learning stultification. Anna was born after a normal pregnancy. Anna has one brother and a sister who does non have learning disability or e real specific health problems. Anna has been in the c be for the break down 11 years. Anna lived with her parents until 2001. Her mother used to be her primary accusationr.Currently Anna lives in a 4 bedroom bungalow with two other ladies, who to a fault have learning disabilities. Part of social life she goes to the day improvement trio days a week. She seems to applaud up there. Anna humps listening to the piano tuner while she is resting in her room. She idler bestow an good eye tie when talk to her.To avoid a breach of confidentiality supporter user leave alone be referred to as Anna, a pseudonym (NMC, 2008) Due to Annas repellant learning disability and extremely limited communication skills she is unable(p) to chthonianstand, have got or communicate an informed decision regarding consent to the contents of this judicial decision. In accordance with Mental Capacity Act (2005), take ining discussion with clog up staff, family and relevant health and social care professionals, this care plan is deemed to be in Annas best interests given the potential ventures to her health and well-being.Section 2 1000 WORDSAssessment based on Roper, Logan Tierneys Activities of Living Model (1980). Some headings can be in truth shortened if there are no specific issues for the person in that commonwealth of their life. Please also carry on the age of the person and their level of license / dependence for each area.Activities of LivingThe activities of living listed in the Roper-Logan-Tierney Model of care for are1. Maintaining Safe EnvironmentAnna is dependent on staff to save her s afe. She exhibits bodily impetuss which interfere with normal safe eating and tipsiness. On occasion these nomadic movements are so extreme as to put her at affixd have chances of physical taint. She can cause sm each(prenominal) wounds to her governance, limbs and form due to her repetitive stereotypical excrete and arm movements. During the period of her erratic and uncontrolled movements put her at risk of ingestion and chocking. The uncontrolled movement can also cause lose some of her medicine which is very ingrained for her physical wellbeing.When she settle after a seizure she is more(prenominal) promising to rest periody. During this time excessive production of saliva can continue her respiration / blocking the airway.Both Anna and staff are at risk of injury due to her flailing implements of war and legs. Also it is not safe to do the manual handling. When she displaying extreme body movements it not safe to transport her which can take up her attenda nce at day services.Annas dysphasia can increase the risk of dreaming and may can cause chest infection.communicatingAnna has no formalised system of communication through which to make her motif/wishes known and is tot bothy reliant on others to anticipate her indigences. Even though she has very good eye contact. She has no active say regarding any aspect of her life. She is open to speech and dustup Therapy services but this mainly for dysphasia. Communication and sensory integration assessment have been done in the past with very limited success (2011-12)BreathingAnna has abnormal breathing patterns which is common in Rett syndrome. Anna go out show signs of shortness of breath which is cause her distress and/ or pain. Shortness of breath can lead to cyanosis. This just about likely to pass away after a prolonged seizure or when she has chest infection. If her type O saturation levels are reading below the frequent baseline ie 93% or less Her score is 94-97%) oxygen is administrated as per prescribed.Eating and DrinkingAnna has no functional use of her hand and she is fully depending on others to assist with her eating and assimilateing. She does eat and drink well, it seems she have sex her meal. She has been assessed by the Speech and Language Therapy to be at the risk of mark. Anna has liquidised feed and thickened drink. Anna has dysphasia which can contribute to an increased risk of coughing , chocking, aspiration and recurring respiratory tract infectionsEliminationAnna is unable to take herself to the seat and has no formalised system of communication to alert others of her need to go to the toilet. Anna is incontinent of both urine and faeces with an associated potential for skin breakdown. Anna is given over to constipation.Personal Cleansing and DressingAnna is unable to do her personal hygienics singly due to her complex health needs. Due to her erratic movements she cannot be bathed conventionally. She has had recent urinary tr act infection, which may have been the result of fecal contamination of the vaginal area. At present Anna has the bed bath passing(a) with Aqueous cream (soap substitute) to help with her dry skin. Diprobase moisturiser is available as PRN for dry skin to prevent the risk of skin breakdown.Anna is unable to independently manage her unwritten hygiene needs and requires full support in this aspect of her care in order to take hold healthy teeth gums. Annas verbal hygiene is maintained daily. Her positioning during and after oral hygiene procedures are important in order to minimise the risk of aspiration including unruffled aspiration.Controlling Body TemperatureAnnas normal temperature range for observations is 36-37.5*C. Anna can experience bar in maintaining an even body temperature and it is inclined to becoming suddenly cold or hot. She prefers moderations in temperature. mental faculty need to be able to agnise when Anna is becoming too hot. Staff recognise breathing d ifficulties and cyanosis during prolonged seizures and use the prescribed oxygen via a face mask if indispensable.MobilisingAnna is non-ambulant. She is unable to stand or support her own lading but she can hold head up when alert. She requires a hind end rest and bilateral support to be able to maintain an candid seated position. She has a full range of movement in all her limbs. Annas preferred positioning of her legs is to hold her knees tightly in flexion. Anna has apraxia and is unable to perform controlled motor movements.Working and PlayingAnna attends day services for three full days a week. Attendance at day service is depending on her health and safety in transporting (i.e. when displaying extreme body movements it is not safe to transport her).Expressing SexualityAnnas physical / sexual body development is normal. Anna does not appear to show any interest of a sexual nature with the same or opposite sex.SleepingAnna has several(prenominal) opportunities to rest in her day chair or in her bed. However, she is likely to drop off to sleep. She can take longer time go to sleep at night and normally has several interruptions in sleep throughout the night.DyingAs Anna is stable at the movement her parents are not mentally ready to talk about her end of life. It leave behind be done in the future when required.Section 3A nursing diagnosis is a clinical judgement about an privates health needs which provided a basis for selecting nursing interventions, to hit health gains or maintain health (NANDA, 1992).For this section you are asked to consider what may be causing or contributing to the health care need what signs and symptoms led you to this diagnosis.Possible aetiology (cause) Anna is a 41 year old lady who has Rett syndrome and severe epilepsy. Anna is totally dependent on others for all aspects of her care and has complex health needs that fluctuate and greatly have-to doe with on her day to day activities. These health issues are likely to a ffect the quality of her life.The most possible cause of Annas self injury caused of her extreme erratic body movement can be because of severe epilepsy. She suffers tonic-clonic seizures. Occasionally, post-seizure. She will present with peripheral cyanosis and this most noticeable around her lips, earlobes, and blab out and figure tips.Defining characteristics (signs symptoms)EpilepsyAnna displays an unusually high tolerance to external pain. When Anna sustains a trauma type injury (bruising / abrasions / shear injuries) there is no unmistakable visible reaction. Staff working with Anna require the ability to make optical assessments of her injuries and have understanding of the implications if the visual symptoms of injuries. There is a risk that the callousness of physical injuries may under assessed resulting in intercession mismanagement. It is believed that Anna does react to natural type pain such as menstrual pain, constipation or stomach pain.Anna experiences seizure s of varying length and intensity. She used to experience on mean(a) 10-15 seizures each month but this had increased to daily seizures. Seizures can occur at any time during the day and night, but there is show to suggest that she prone to epileptic activity when asleep. Therefore, she has an alarm monitoring device which is under trial, whereby noises which accompany seizures activated a pager which the nurse can carry.She remains under the out-patient care of her consultant Neurologist (seen every 6-8 months). Video compend is available to help diagnose exact seizure presentation and entrance medical intervention.The use of rescue medicine has also increased. She requires rectally administered diazepam for the treatment of status epilepticus. Suction may be required to control oral excretions and administration of oxygen via face mask may be necessary in the event of cyanosis. Buccal Midazzolam has been trialled in the past and although effective in halting the seizure act ivity, Anna went into status within hours (2006) or her clinical signs douse significantly (2012). This was found to not be the case with Rectal Diazepam.Annas behaviour can be changed after a seizure activity. She will have very uncontrolled body movements mainly with hands and legs. The medication she have to control her seizure can make her depressed. Anna is on medication that required serum blood testing to en authoritative safe cure levels and prevention of toxicity. This is believed to have occurred as recently as 2011 when Levetiracetam was believed to have caused her treacherous agitation (dose was 1500mg BD at that time).The following factors are known to reduce Annas seizure thresholdMenstruationOverheatingOver-excitementWhen she is not well irregularityAnna has regular menstrual cycle. She can experiencedysmenorrhoea. She will have a untie bowl motions during her menstrual cycle.Anna also exhibits other events that may be ludicrous for seizure activityHyperekpexiaEy e rollingRett syndrome characteristics (jerks, tics)Section 4 deal with complex health care needs often have a number of other non-nursing professionals working to help restore or maintain their health.Please discuss the contribution another profession has make to the assessment and their therapeutic interventions with the individual.Due to Annas difficulty in eating and drinking ( mainly during her extreme erratic body movements) she was referred to the speech and Language Theraphist ( table salt ). Anna has been assessed by Speech and Language Therapy to reduce the risk of aspiration / silent aspiration when eating and drinking. According to the SALT Anna has been diagnosed with dysphasia (SALT report, 2011). She is at risk of aspiration of food and fluids, as these do not always clear from her oropharyngeal cavity during meals.The SALT visited Anna at home and gathered all the breeding about her eating and drinking difficulties from the staff. Assessment has consisted of obse rvation of mealtimes, discussed with staff and monitor at meal times by staff. Speech Language healer made referral for videofluoroscopy assessment in 2012. After the videofluoroscopy SALT advised to give let outful of drink in-between her meal. Coughing charts were implemented for both eating and drinking between initial assessment and review. The charts indicated that Anna was coughing when eating and drinking.The recommendations made by Speech and Language Therapy was to avoid mixed textures i.e. soup and stews with bits or high risk of lumpy food. And replace these with a soft alternative, or liquidised soups. It can help her to prevent the risk of aspiration pneumonia. When Anna has liquidised food it is very important to make sure there are no lumps. For example, mashed stump spud is very likely to have lumps which may cause chocking.Speech and Language therapy also recommended Anna must have a drink with any meal, and mouthfuls of drink must be given during the meal. It is helping her to clear her airway and to enjoy the meal. Anna should not to be fed when she is sleepy or drowsy as fatigue can result in an increased risk of aspiration.If Anna screening extreme bodily movement when the meal or drink is to take place, the second carer is to place themselves at the side of her, and using their forearm, palm veneer downwards. Use a blocking technique to lower Annas arms down to her lap and gently rest their palm and dingers together on her further chest long bone. While feeding Anna it is very essential the staff to sit on a chair and make sure she is able to give an eye contact. Anna must be seated in her day chair when having meal. Staff need to ensure that Anna is in an salutary position. After the assessment done by SALT has also tell the aspiration can also because of the remaining food / drink in her mouth. To rid of that SALT recommended giving her an oral care after food fluid intake. By using a very soft soup-strainer to clean the mouth can minimise risk or aspiration due to food fluid residue. And also it is important to maintain undecomposed position for at least 30 minutes after having mouth care to reduce the possibility of reflux.The recommendations from SALT is likely to help Anna to enjoy her meal. Her dysphasia techniques are continuing as it is recommended this will help to maintain the swallowing difficulty. Staff can contact the SALT if there is any new difficulty in eating and drinking and SALT will do the follow up / regular visits.Nancy Jimmi