Healthcare in Developing Countries

wellness c be in Developing thinkriesKyle BarberHealthc atomic number 18 in Developing CountriesFor any country to shuffle the transition from developing to developed, there atomic number 18 more(prenominal) factors that must work in conformity in ordering to acquire this transition. These development goals cover a ample spectrum of factors that atomic number 18 simultaneously unrelated and interlocked LL2with wizard an other. Although there argon many different factors that push a country towards development, the provision, and societal access to, health care LL3is al closely unanimously agreed to be one of the intimately of the essence(p) signifiers in a countries transition. LL4Most stinting lines in developing countries are largely due to a high majority of the large number liveliness in beggaryLL5. In these countries, there are at least one billion people living on slight than one US dollar a dayLL6. on that point are two and a half(prenominal) billion p eople living on less than two US dollars a day. Regarding healthcare, moreover over one third of the population of the holy world lacks what we consider to be adequate health care (Bale). At its most basic root, the cost, access to, and availability of healthcare, like every other economic signifier we study, is determined by basic run and demand. alone put, we LL7have a distinct lack of adequate health care pull roundence supplied in these developing nations. Not only that, but those that feature it most are non seeking let on, or demanding, the healthcare they need to flourishLL8. There are many factors that lead to these shortages LL9of supply and demand, as well as many theories and policies aimed at correcting these market inefficiencies. While everyone LL10is essenti entirelyy working towards the same(p) goal, there exist a pile of different policies and interventions designed to achieve this goal.The problems on the supply side facing developmental healthcare in t hese countries thunder mug be attributed to a few underlying factors. One of these factors so-and-so be boiled down to the same issue that causes most all economic issues lack of resources (ODonnell). The problems that face facilitating change with place adequate resources inevitably leads to the misallocation of these resources and non utilizing them in the most effective, efficient way achievableLL11. This misallocation of resources can take many forms, including concentrating tell resources in improper geographic areas such(prenominal) as large, urban cities that do non necessarily require these economic interventionsLL12. Unfortunately, the majority of common health expenditure is still absorbed through hospital base care, which is virtually impossible for the poor, rural population of these developing countries to utilize (Peabody, Taguiwalo and Robalino). The deficient resources at play affect the supply side of healthcare in that the capital required to actually get the train rolling is just not avail commensurate to give the adequate facilities, medicine, and proper personnel prerequisite to facilitate radical change in as many locations as needed (Peters, Garg and Bloom). The early years of the fight for improved healthcare universal consisted of many different types of policies aimed at reversing this trend, but so far though or so of them differed, one main goal persisted through each accessibility of healthcare for the poor. As the years have gone on and the accessibility of these benefits has go dramatically, the goal has shifted from correcting the lack of accessibility to improving the shortsighted quality of said healthcare (Peabody, Taguiwalo and Robalino). LL13In these developing countries, obtaining and providing the facilities and supplies can go a presbyopic way toward achieving our healthcare goalsLL14, but these issues represent only part of the problem. The square problem is then convincing those in poverty and in need of aid to utilize these resources. Clinics and medicine do no good, and as such represent bring forward insufficient allocation of resources, if these interventions do nothing to rear demand for these servicesLL15. Once again, LL16the extreme poverty that these people are force to live in become is the main factor that dictates that lack of demand. yet besides just that b bridle-path, all-encompassing, underlying think of poverty, LL17we can look at two, more specific, factors that can suppress demand of all types across the economic landscape. These two factors are the outside constraints put on the consumer, in this vitrine those without adequate healthcare, that limit their respective ability to consume, as well as the personal preferences of any individual that leave behind lower their a willingness to consume (ODonnell).The outside constraints on these families and individuals that limit demand, especially in developing countries, are also influenced by a renewing of fa ctors that all work cohesively to make it so that those in poverty remain in poverty. Evidence shows that issue forth of household income earned has a strong positive relationship in the midst of standard of living and utilization of healthcare (Bale). Basically, the more money a family brings in, the more likely they are to utilize healthcare. This all comes plunk for to resources, though this time it is the resources of the family as opposed to those of the intervening partyLL18. This makes sense though, as it stands to reason with the high price of healthcare, that some may start to view maintaining health and wellness as a luxury more than a necessity.LL19 When you are living day to day and struggling as it is to put viands on the table, certain things become prioritized over othersLL20. While relative income plays a large role, the actual price of receiving treatment becomes another huge obstruction in seeking out adequate healthcare (Peabody, Taguiwalo and Robalino). Many of these countries, and especially the poor population, do not have any sort of medical exam insurance. So all of these visits and trips to the doctor end up coming out of their own pocketsLL21. The high price of visits, in addition to a variety of different user compensations possibly associated with treatment, make those living in poverty often more price sensitive than those that are better off. So while those that need it most remain in poor health, those that are well off may seek treatment for much less serious ailments. In addition to the actual be associated with treatment, there exist costs outside of formal charges that may effectively filter out potential patients. Costs LL22associated include foregone earnings that would have been do that day, travel costs for treatments, as well as distance, time, effort, and poor road conditions all deter potential patients (ODonnell).LL23Even if one LL24is financially able to pay treatment costs, there are a variety of discrimi native LL25factors that may prevent them from doing so. Cultural and gender issues can lead to a lower demand of healthcare, even if readily available. There is a great deal of history and tradition in developing countries, so much so that many people in these countries still utilize traditionalistic therapies of the culture rather than modern medicine. This trend to use traditional therapies is negatively related to income and education (Peters, Garg and Bloom). Helping these people to gain knowledge and further educate themselves is LL26one of the first steps in resolving this issue. Education can assist in just being able to recognize affection and the potential benefit of the modern treatments for these illnesses. Many of these societies culturally do not employ much gender equality, and as such, access to maternal, reproductive, and child health care has proven difficult (ODonnell). Because so many people are ill, and there is not adequate treatment, rampant illness almost b ecomes the average and severe illnesses become harder and harder to recognizeLL27. A continued push for education would go a long way in alleviating some of these symptoms.All of these factors regarding inadequate healthcare necessitate the introduction of financial interventions and aidLL28. Because there are so many underlying causes, there have been many theories and policies enacted in order to reverse this negative trendLL29. Raising the utilization of effective interventions requires a multitude of different things. First, any raise in utilization is not possible without first introducing more capitalLL30, and then directing LL31the spending of this capital towards the most effective programsLL32 in order to maximize efficiency. These interventions should also me LL33geographically proportional to population and need (Peabody, Taguiwalo and Robalino). Opening up a new facility in a large city that doesnt need one does not good. LL34Management of these operations must also be r eformed to maximize efficiencyLL35, and regulatory and political incentives must be introduced and provided in order to promote utilization. some(prenominal) of the more specific goals include extending health insurance coverage to more users (Bale). Although this is more of a long-term policy, growing this number will provide a great incentive for treatment. LL36Policies that aid the poor, such as subsidies and fee waivers, will greatly cut back on individual costs of treatment LL37and promote care as well (Peters, Garg and Bloom).Most of the rebel issues associated with healthcare in developing countries can be attributed to an access problem and a quality problem. When we look closer though, we can see that these are just a few factors that can hold us back from achieving our MDGs. We now need to move towards alleviating some of the educational and income disparity issues, and the solving of these two problems, while by no means a clean, domineering fix, can provide great stri des we may have yet to even seeLL38.Works CitedBale, Harvey E. Proposal Improving Access to Health apportion for the Poor, peculiarly in Developing Countries. n.d. Global Economic Symposium.ODonnell, Owen. Access to Health Care in Developing Countries breaking down demand side barriers. (2007).Peabody, whoremaster W., et al. Improving the Quality of Care in Developing Countries. Disease manoeuver Prioritites in Developing Countries. 2006.Peters, David H., et al. Poverty and Access to Health Care in Developing Countries. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 25 July 2008.Word Count 1513LL1Good start. But a few issues linger.Grammar (esp. overuse of commas) makes following some of your penning challenging.Missing some opportunity for critical/economic analysis.Grade 75 10 (late) 65LL2These seem like opposites. How is this possible?LL3Grammar/punctuation is not rightLL4Strong take up citation?LL5 extension?LL6Which countries? CitationLL7We?LL8Why do you suppose? Citation?L L9Is there a shortage? Sounds like you just said supply is low, but so is demand.LL10?LL11Wording?LL12Examples? Why is this bad? Isnt this where most of the people live?LL13Why the switch in objectives? What were the results?LL14Which are what?LL15Really really strong claim citation?LL16? Does this tie into the previous supply discussion?LL17wordingLL18?LL19Not sure nearly this luxury vs necessity language(also Discussion from Poor Economics applies here)LL20YesLL21Who last pays when insurance is involved?LL22Opportunity costsLL23Possible solutions to the problems (and can you clarify what are the problems? risque prices? What if the costs or provision are high. Are high prices a problem?)LL24Who?LL25?LL26Is? Citation?LL27?LL28Strong claim Citation?LL29Examples?LL30From where?LL31Who will direct it? Where?LL32How will we know what these are?LL33?LL34?LL35What do you mean by efficiency?LL36What do you mean?LL37Subsidies lower the costs? TANSTAAFL.LL38More (economic) discussion is warranted What are the incentives resulting in the location quo? The discussion regarding education is good, but can you be any more specific about how to address it?Are the advantages and disadvantages for the solutions or only advantages?