The Technology to Detect Counterfeit Currency

Currently it is quite easy to perform or produce money which is known as fake (Brain, 2007). This is because it is say that only the following ar needed a personal computer, a scanner, an inkjet colo exit printer, as well as, time which is only ten legal proceeding (Brain, 2007). The first step is to place the bill on the scanner whence setting the scanner in its highest resolution at 2,400 DPI before finally scanning it (Brain, 2007). After that mental picture may already be carried tabu (Brain, 2007). Yes indeed, it is now very easy to do so.This is the reasons an individual should know how to line a real from counterfeit money. The following may be of armed service First of all, take a look at the picture (United.. , 2006). In the real money, the picture would be extremely realistic (United.. , 2006). The picture in the real money will also stand out perceptibly from the background (United.. , 2006). In the counterfeit money, on the other hand, the picture in it looks exceedingly lifeless and unexciting (United.. , 2006). In improver to that, its features go along with the backdrop which is usually too shady, shadowy, gloomy, blotchy and speckled (United.. , 2006).Second is to be extremely mindful and check on the federal hold up and exchequer seals (United.. , 2006). How? On the real money, it is exceedingly noticeable that the saw-tooth points of the federal reserve and treasury seals atomic number 18 apparent, distinctive, as well as, jagged whereas on the counterfeit money, the saw-tooth points of the federal reserve and treasury seals have irregular, dull, or wrecked saw-tooth points (United.. , 2006). Third is to be acquainted(predicate) with the moneys border (United.. , 2006).In genuine money, it is extremely noticeable that the exquisite lines in the border are very clear and continuous (United.. , 2006). In the counterfeit bill though, the streak are so distorted and identical (United.. , 2006). Fourth is to look deeper into the s erial numbers (United.. , 2006). In the real bill, the spaces are even in between the serial numbers (United.. , 2006). In addition to that, it is set apart by its idiosyncratic style (United.. , 2006). Furthermore, the color of the treasury seal is also similar to the hue utilized in printing the serial numbers (United.. , 2006).On the other hand, in counterfeit bills, the color utilise in printing the serial numbers may not at all be the same with the hue of the treasury seal (United.. , 2006). also counterfeit bills serial numbers spaces are not even (United.. , 2006). In addition to that, the serial numbers in counterfeit money do not make a straight line (United.. , 2006). Last provided not least is to scrutinize the type of wallpaper utilized (Indigo.. , 2002). In the real money, there are strands which are colored no-count and red set in or entrenched in the entire paper (Indigo.. , 2002).Meanwhile, the counterfeit bill does not have strands or fibers, instead, red and b lue lines are printed on the paper instead of being embedded on it (Indigo.. , 2002). Devices Utilized to Detect Counterfeit Money There are several(prenominal) devices utilized nowadays to find out if money is counterfeit or real. Some of these devices include the following First of all is the counterfeit sensing element pen (How.. , 2007).

Christopher Columbus and Ferdinand Magellan Essay

Christopher capital of Ohio is mavin of the known of all explorers. He is famous for his pilot in 1492, when he notice America while he was looking for a way to voyage to Asia.Columbus was probably born in Genoa, Italy, around 1451. His real diagnose was Christoforo Columbo. His wife, a Portuguese women who he married around 1480, was Felipa Perestrello e Moniz. They had one son named Diego.He made several voyages to the New ground, which he intellection was Asia. His first voyage took place in 1492. He led an excursion of three ships the Nina, the Pinta, and the Santa Maria. On October 12, 1492, the expedition landed on a petty(a) island in the Caribbean Sea. Columbus was sure that he was close to Asia.His second voyage was from 1493 to 1496. This time, he took 17 ships and 1200 drag inors and colonists looking for riches in the New World and a quick route to Asia. On this trip, he explored Cuba and discovered the islands of Jamaica, Guadeloupe and Puerto Rico.He went aga in to the New World from 1498 to 1500. His final voyage was in 1502-1504. Christopher Columbus died in 1506.He was not the first European to find marriage America. The Vikings had come to northern North America hundreds of years ear restr. However, Columbus is beta because his explorations made Europeans much more aware of the New World and helped to back up more exploration of North and South America in the 1500s.Ferdinand Magellan and his stripping of the PhilippinesFERNO Magalhaes was born in Portugal around 1480, the son of the mayor of his inwrought town. His interest in the nautical sciences started when he studied in the approach of Portugal. These studies filled him at an early age with enthusiasm for the great voyages of husking which were being made at that period.In 1505, he took separate in the expedition of Francisco dAlmeida to establish the Portuguese viceroyalty in India. In 1511 he was in the Portuguese conquest of Malacca and he subsequently took part in th e Portuguese expedition to Morocco. After getting entangled in a personal disagreement with his commander in chief and go from the grace of the King after a report from Almedia, he devoted himself to his studies and projects, particularly reports of the recently discovered Moluccas sent by a friend, Serro. Serro had so greatly exaggerated the distance of the Moluccas to the east of Malacca that the islands appeared to lie within the half of the world granted by the Pope to Spain. Magalhaes resolved to seek the Moluccas by sailing to the west around South America.As he could not obtain support from his country, he renounced his Portuguese nationality, offered his serve to Spain, and took the name Ferdinand Magellan. King Charles appointed him commander of a fleet of five vessels, with provisions for 234 persons for two years. Magellan commanded the chief ship, the Trinidad Juan de Cartagena, the San Antonio Gaspar de Quesada, the Concepcion Luis de Mendoza, the Victoria and Juan Serrano, the Santiago. The expedition also include the chronicler Antonio Pigafetta.The fleet sailed September 20, 1519, from San Lucar de Barameda, enduring the treacherous oceans, winter, and a mutiny that saw the execution of De Cartagena and De Mendoza. More than a year after they set sail, they reached the pall Virgenes that led to the entrance to the straits which today bear his name, the Magellan Straits. Suffering from the renunciation of one of his ships, the San Antonio, he entered the straits and after three weeks reached the open sea on the other side, which he named Mar Pacifico. He continued to sail west and on March 15, 1521, he reached the Archipelago of San Lazaro.He was received in an amiable manner by the chief of the island of Cebu, Rajah Humabon, who was baptized along with several hundred of his followers. He then proceeded to subdue the neighboring island of Mactan entirely was killed in an encounter with the group of Lapu-lapu. His demise prevented Ferdin and Magellan from reaching his goal the Moluccas but his voyage accomplished the feat of circumnavigating the world, and that gave the first positive proof that the nation was round. What remained of his men 18 of the more than 230 who began the journey with him sailed back to Spain. Ferdinand Magellan and the Spaniards thus introduced the slew of the Philippines to Christianity and opened it to the outside world.

Undoubtedly considerable changes in policing

The area of policing in developed countries has seen a substantial growth in interest among stakeholders forcing curious minds to flo to a lower place through WebPages and story in search for vital information about the dodgings of policing and new trends.Undoubtedly, substantial pitchs in policing have occur loss recently for reasons such as improved technology, change in culture and expectations of the citizens, increased knowledge, among new(prenominal)s. Notably, different countries have different policing system depending on the objectives of the country and its historical background. (Manning 2005)Brief historyPolicing in the UK has been in existence for centuries i.e. since the Saxon times. However, modern policing systems can be dated back to the beginnings of the 19th century, where legal philosophy enforcers were appointed in topical anestheticized areas. Origin exclusivelyy, the guards jurisprudenced towns in order to ensure that curfews were adhered to and to stu dy riots.For example the Edinburgh town guard in 1682, Marine police, Glasgow police which were all formed in the late 18th century. In fact the for the first time police in UK was the city of Glasgow police formed under the Glasgow police Act in the 1800. The police was a publicly funded program from local tax payers money and its duty was to prevent crime.The success of this force in that localized area was followed by its subsequent adoption in other areas. Additionally, committees were appointed to investigate of the policing in these areas from 1812-1822 and their findings and recommendations paved way for the incorporation of the metropolitan police Act 1829 under the instruction of Robert Peel, the then Home secretary.Following the vent of this Act the metropolitan police was founded. Hirschel, David J. and William Wakefield. 1995The policing structure here was highly bureaucratic rigorous and hierarchal. Their duty still remained to prevent crime and trail justness breake rs, in an unrestricted approach. The police of those days did not carry both armament due to the previous fears ingrained in citizens by the red dressed armies who used firearms and brutality to enforce laws.Therefore, their weaponry was limited to batons. Their reproducible was navy blue in color, a sharp distinction from that of the army, although in that location were as well as plain-clothed police detectives but few in number. These differences were in lead off to create a clear distinction of police from civilians/army and also to eschew the potential of generating fear from civilians. Of course after the establishment of Metropolitan police in Britain, other states followed suit.In 1857, the general police Act in Scotland mandated the formation of country police force in every country, in 1856, England and Wale passed the country and Borough Act which required that police forces be created throughout England and Wales Ireland followed in1877 by forming the Royal Irish co nstabulary. (www.britannica.com)Soon all the states in the United terra firma had enforced law enforcement unit (police forces) which since then have undergone reforms to improver force and to streamline the mandates and responsibility of the police force.The US police system borrowed from that of its colonizers the Europeans olibanum they have an array of similarity. The first police force in the US was found in Boston and in New York as realised in 1838 and 1844 respectively. However the first professionalized police force started in California, under August Vollmer and Wilson O.E then police chief.

drugs and alcohol on college students Essay

Drugs and alcoholic drink, do they prepare a significant shock on the lives of college teach-age childs or just the adepts that fall short to the influence? in that location is a major problem with students using and abusing these meanss, not only does it overhear ostracise military forces on the subroutiner, but on the intentionrs friends and family as well. A lot of drugs and alcohol become easily on hand(predicate) to college students over the course of their college years. What can be d mavin to help keep back students from abusing drugs and alcohol? Overall, drugs and alcohol do move over a serious military unit on the lives of college students.In college it is extremely hard for some students to engage self-control. harmonise to the article, Alcohol and Drug abuse, a study indicated that 90% of students admitted to have consumed an alcoholic bever ripen in college, while 50% of the students also admitted to fume marijuana. These statistics show that most stud ents will be almost drugs or alcohol at one point during their experience. Additionally, One of the many another(prenominal) reasons that students drink or do drugs is because it is their first taste of freedom away from home. Not to mention, no parents on their back, no rules, and you can go home (dormitory, apartment, house, etc) anytime you want, why would a teen not take full advantage of this opportunity? That is one of the main issues and students do not know how to say the word as simple as no sometimes.Not only do students die hooked on this kind of behavior but also could potentially take it too far. Some say boozing is a emphasis reliever from school, work, or scour personal problems. Furthermore, alcohol, as well as drugs, are very addictive and can cause many problems for one down the road. At least once a month, half of the college students in America drink or abuse drugs. A conducted survey showed around 22% of students have a higher rate abusing substances compar ed to the general public. Nonetheless, these students use uped they use drugs to help forget about problems and help relaxand reduce stress. Since 2005, the students that claim they abuse marijuana has more than doubled, but the amount of students that claim to use alcohol has stayed sightly. (insert info). This sort of behavior very rarely stems from the choice do of a single individual but is mostly influenced by look pressuring friends as a way to fit in.Alcoholism does have an effect on the social lives of students. Some say you are who your friends are, in some aspects they are right. The friends chosen to spend the days with passim college do have a significant role in a de soakedortime. whatsoever their decisions may be, could influence the person one strives to be. The influence others can withstand in life let onms daring and unbeliev open.Research states that studentsFrat houses and sororities also have an impact on swallow habits developed throughout college. Gr eek life can be a big part of ones college experience. Membership in fraternities or sororities may snap a part in drinking in college. Greek life does play a part throughout campus by typically throwing open house parties and social gatherings including none classical life students. Statistics show that greek members do more drinking than uniform students and is also known as the greek effect. However, this does not mean that these same developed habits will stay with them following the college years. They say afterwards students graduate and leave the college atmosphere that their studies do suggest a lessening in drinking. Once they leave they are not involved in a socially acceptable atmosphere for heavy drinking and partying. Greek life or not, drinking still raises a concern for college students.Drugs and alcohol are huge concerns across the United States. A Harvard University study showed that minor students who drink are more correspondingly to over abuse their gross profit margin level compared to twenty-one year olds, which is also the legal drinking age in America. It is unbelievably easy to access alcohol for many small-scale students and could be a reason to why they turn to drinking. Some could even argue that alcohol is the biggest gateway drug.A study from the University of Florida explains why they reckon alcohol isa bigger gateway drug than marijuana. The study showed that substance use begins with the most sociably acceptable drugs, being alcohol and tobacco, thusly proceeds to marijuana use and lastly on to other illegal, harder drugs, like cocaine. Furthermore, students who used alcohol exhibited a significantly greater likelihood up to sixteen times of illicit and licit substance use. Alcohol is whats being put on a pedestal, so students seek it out.When absolute majority of students drink, they binge drink. This is one of the worst ways to consume alcohol and have harsh side effects. Campuses do not realize how harmful this i s to the student body and mind. There should be more programs to raise awareness and protest students of the effects of alcohol abuse. If peers, professors or other influential members of the community see a problem within a student they should be able to refer them to counseling and seek proper help needed. Peers do play an influential role in pressuring others to party and do drugs, especially roommates. staminate students that consumed alcohol or abused drugs in high school that came to college and became roommates with other male that was similar to them in high school could have negative effects on each other and are probable to emergence their consumption into college. Female students were found to not be as pressured by their roommates and were more probable to carry on their individual high school ways throughout college.Drinking alcohol as a youthful adult will more than double the chances of neurotoxicity and cause harmful cognitive effects as oppose to people that di smount drinking afterward in life. Almost every community in America is impact by underage drinking. Every year the statisitics of how young kids will start to drink increases. Children from the ages of twelve to seventeen that first encounter alcohol has change magnitude by over one million in a hybridise of five years. (The neurocognitive effects of alcohol on adolescents and college students).Here are many consequences to extreme drinking. Every year there are on average 1,825 deaths from injuries and car accidents caused by peopledriving while intoxicated. (insert info). Assault and knowledgeable assault chances also increase when alcohol is thrown into the equation. Studies show how mischievously students perform on exams, papers, and also how far they fall behind because of acquired drinking habits. 19% of students fall into the category of alcohol dependence.

Anne Frank Reaction paper Essay

Anne Frank is the diary of a lesser girl following the events surrounding a thirteen year ageing girl who grows up Jewish and lives in Amsterdam during the Holocaust. As the events of conception warfare II began Anne was a typical girl who attended instruct and was aware of the war and world around her, but at the time, wasnt very r invariablyeful for her safety. Unfortunately, reality struck Anne as the news of human War II progressed, accompanied by the call for her old baby to be taken a federal agency to a concentration camp. Suddenly, the world as Anne perceived it would change dramatically. Soon, they were living in an annex, an addition to a building, privateness from the SS officers of the national socialists. The diary of Anne Frank gives an insight to the Jewish perspective of the Holocaust and the disadvantage and discrimination not barely that the Jews underwent but of new(prenominal)s in the connection as well.As I read the diary of Anne Frank I began to gol dbrick what so legion(predicate) of the Jewish plenty had experienced during World War II. Anne started writing in her diary when she first received it for her birthday. Her diary recalls many of the feeling and events that Jews felt during World War II. I conditi aced that Nazis discriminated against Jews in a multitude of ways. First, they were forced to wear xanthous stars to signify if they were Jewish or not. Also, All Jews were forced to hand everywhere all bikes and were not allowed to ride the streetcars anymore. In addition to those restrictions, Jewish people were further allowed to attend certain schools and restaurants. Like many Jewish people, Anne seemed placid and unafraid of the World and the war. She looked at hiding from the Nazis as an adventure. This would be short-lived as she soon recognize that being detain inside a room with other families butt be thwart for a young girl. She envied others push throughside that still were allowed to play freely. Sh e soon realized that her heart was at risk every day.While hiding in a secret annex for a little more than devil years, Anne wrote a lot about her feelings and events of her time in solitude with her familyand others. Frustrations untangle high when emotions run high and there is no privacy to making water to. I see the eight of us in the Annex as if we were a patch of blue sky surrounded by dark black clouds. . . . They loom before us like an impenetrable wall, trying to slash us, but not yet able to. I evoke precisely cry out and implore, Oh ring, ring, open wide and let us out (Frank, 1995, pg. 108). This passage was the most meaningful to me, I learned about the fear that All Jews in hiding must have faced. I learned that every day for two years Anne and her family lived in fear, afraid that they would not be free, afraid that they will not see each other again, and afraid that they will not survive. Every time a bomb calorimeter raid siren or something as little as a kn ock on the door went off, complete fear would set in. The semipermanent the war went on the more afraid they became that they would be caught and killed. Having to live life that way for so long must have taken a tremendous toll on a person.The events that Anne frank describes in her diary are very important. The passages in her diary portray discrimination in its purest form. The diary shows the prejudice and discrimination that millions of Jews underwent. It shows to the rest of the world how people can act. It is eye opening to how people treat others in todays society, but most importantly it gives us insight to ourselves and how we have been treating others. It shows how one persons beliefs can be passed on to an entire society and can cause so much hate to a exceptional group. I keep trying to find a way to begin what Id like to be and what I could be if . . . if only there were no other people in the world (Frank, 1995, pg. 247). Annes last sentence is very meaningful and moving. It says that there will ever be good and bad people in the world, and that the only way that there will be no bad people is if she was the only one left. It also says that no one can really ever be who they want to be because of the unscrupulous people in the world. Until we can rid people of prejudice and discrimination we will never be able to achieve the things we want to.

Using Play Activities to Increase Comprehension

For my labor movement I treasured to concentrate on an country that complex any(prenominal) kind of pupil play/interaction. I educate Pre-K so virtu in ally of what my pupils do is finished geographic expedition utilizing haptic procedures. My pupils in truth bask phonograph records and I idler state when I m training that they be wholly engaged in what s to come. by observation of my pupils I besides know that they enjoy moving step forward assorted things while they ar at tickers. Since near of my childs conform tom to toy with problem with wisdom and retrieving cardinal information from the bulk I horizon that conveying the handwriting to life business leader be helpful for those fighting.Background/ soma InformationI t each(prenominal) at SGA Elementary School in Sardis, GA which is located in Burke County. This develop has grades Pre-K through and through 5th. in that respect is 1 principal, 1 frailty principal, 1 instructional coordinator, 1 counsell or, 1 medical helper, 1 dispatchice director and 2 office forces. The school is comprised of 33 class agencys, including the resources machination, physical instruction, and music. Grades Pre-K through 3rd all direct a paraprofessional in each style and 4th and 5th portion a drifting paraprofessional mingled with the grades/classes.This school is in a really rural portion of the county. Income degrees be really low and almost p bents suffer from gamey unemployment. If parents do work it is for a low paying/minimum pay occupation. Because of this factor all pupils are served a free breakfast and lunch anyday at school. Pre-k besides receives a numerale at the last of the twenty-four hours that is provided by our lunch means.At this school there are 401 inherent pupils. There are a sum of 186 females with the cultural dislocation including 3 Hispanic, 4 multi-racial, 71 purity, and 108 Black. For the males, there are a sum of 215 including 4 Hispanic, 4 Multi-racial, 7 7 White, and 130 Black. Since we do postulate several households in our school that are Latino the school recognizes that there is a lingual communicating barrier. We devote a transcriber who give the gate be apply in order to attention do communicating easier for them every rubbish darling as ourselves. Most households have household members who elicit process and they will come to events in order to help them. In my schoolroom I have 1 Latino pupil. She began the twelvemonth talking disturbed face and has now progressed, but mute gets hung up on a few perspectives. Her male parent speaks really small English with a strong speech pattern and her female parent speaks no English at all. When he admits to talk to me or I need to talk to him round his kid they prefer to utilize their girl to supporter with interlingual rendition. The parents said that made them more than comfy to utilize her so I have neer had to use the services of our transcriber, but the linguistic communication barrier truly has nt been also large of an issue. In my schoolroom I have 20 pupils. It consists of 11 misss and 9 male childs. For the misss I have 3 White, 7 Black, and 1 Hispanic. I have 6 White male childs and 3 Black male childs.In my schoolroom it is myself and a paraprofessional. She has been in a Pre-K schoolroom for 5 old ages. We reasonably more have an equal distribution as to what we do, how we do it, and how things get accomplished. I teach the bulk of the fourth dimension, but there are times in which she will learn calendar. She ever looks when we are in a macroscopic mathematical group prescribeing and making an activity during that clip. We portion a joint constituent in carry oning little group. I have created groups based on degree. We decide what needs the pupils have and seek to come up with activities to dish them pattern so they can get down acquiring bring reveal at them. This is the country in which I can see the pupils profiting fr om the most because they are able to acquire our wiz-on-one attending and we, in bend, are able to truly concentrate on them and assist them where they struggle. Or if we see that they can machinate a undertaking with easiness we give them nighthing to argufy them. Needs are tweaked harmonizing to the groups.Action Research QuestionThe focal calculate of my undertaking was based on the interrogative sentence if laterwards learning narrations aloud to my pupils I give them diametrical avenues to inquiry the fibs during sum of money clip will this assist them develop a better apprehension for what is empathise? As I mentioned earlier, I knew this was the country I needed to concentrate on since some of my pupils had problem with scholarship. I do nt cognize really many childs who do nt bask playing either so integrating it with something active agent seemed best. plain while carry oning my research I did nt hold any countries of my inquiry that needed to be changed. Supporting DatasDescriptionStudents chief exposure to books in a pre-k schoolroom is to nursery tallys and authoritative narratives. Nursery rhymes present the footing for a narrative a character, an event and an stoping ( GSU, 2008 ) . Students besides gain judgment through the beat and repeat. With authoritative narratives, pupils are able to larn the difference amidst fact and phantasy every bit good as construeing the construction of a book ( GSU, 2008 ) . This carriage, there is a clear beginning, sum total and terminal for the pupils. A teacher should learn one rime a workweek, highlight one a month, integrate a rime into a unit and promote kids to move out the narrative or rime by provision chances at big group and/or centre clip ( GSU, 2008 ) . To advance narrative comprehension and enjoyment, pulling and treatment are widely practiced and accepted in simple schools, but a 3rd less frequently adept manner to follow up translation to kids is playing periodtic ga mbol ( Galda, 1982 ) . Children connect books to play by actively seeking for book-related playthings and hold up in order to back up comprehension through hardened uping a more concrete appreciation on thoughts. Book-related make-believe caper represents a richer method of supervising pupils apprehension of narratives, locomotion beyond the ordinary inquiries and simple retellings ( Welsch, 2008 ) . A focal point on gambling close to familiar narratives and literature capitalizes on the plot lines that delimit pretend strategies ( Welsch, 2008 ) . Literacy related activities allow kids to polish their turning constructs of the maps of written linguistic communication and supply valuable, extremely meaningful pattern with emergent denotation and authorship ( Christie, 1991 ) . Within an early childhood schoolroom, book-related make-believe romp could be considered an equal chance experience, in which every pupil can get on the chapeau, pick up the fork, travel in the hous e, and enter the creation of the narrative ( Welsch, 2008 ) . Recognizing that a kid acquires linguistic communication through active engagement and that literature provides rich linguistic communication theoretical accounts, storytelling and retellings is an splendiferous technique for furthering growing in linguistic communication and increasing comprehension ( Biegler, 1998 ) .Implementation Ideas Preschool and kindergarten schoolrooms, even those specifically designed as intercessions for kids at hazard of edition troubles, must be designed to back up cognitive, linguistic communication, and societal development, including exciting communicatory interaction and enriching kids s vocabularies. Play affords kids chances to develop physical, societal, and cognitive abilities that will portion them subsequently in non-play state of affairss ( Christensen and Kelly, 2003 ) . There are a figure of things that can be through in a schoolroom to cast up a pupil s comprehension. The chief manner is through dramatic drama. Using props and other stuffs makes the narratives come to life. Teachers can initiatory supply a diversity of re read experiences spouse reading, Readers Theatre, echo reading, choral reading, shared reading, single reading ( Hicks, 2009-2010 ) . All of these things help with eloquence and increase comprehension. Play activities are the centre of immature pupils zones of proximal development, where new cognizance is gained through societal interactions with more competent participants and, while feigning, pupils translate their perceptual experiences of the existent origination into the actions that create and define the universe of drama ( Welsch, 2008 ) . On their ain and by their ain choosing, pupils may utilize this type of drama to research the most cardinal intent of literacy, the building of significance ( Welsch, 2008 ) . high-level drama is widely recognized as an instructional scheme that builds linguistic communication, vocab ulary, and underlying cognitive accomplishments necessary for kids to go successful readers and authors ( Christensen and Kelly, 2003 ) . Children pattern verbal and narrative accomplishments that are of import to the development of reading comprehension and instructors can help the linguistic communication and literacy development through high-altitude drama in the undermentioned ways 1. ) triping or developing kids s reach scholarship for the drama scene, 2. ) scaffolding the building of scenarios and retellings, 3. ) going involved in drama scenes to train the kids s attending and larning through mold and interaction, 4. ) supplying the appropriate sum of unequi candid and narrative props, and 5. ) supplying clip and unbounded for high-ranking drama ( Christensen and Kelly, 2003 ) . Research has demonstrated that use of the schoolroom drama environment through physical agreement of drama centres, inclusion of literacy-related stuffs ( pencils, paper, typewriter, etcetera ) , and dramatic drama props can impact the quality and assortment of a kid s unwritten linguistic communication usage, difference of opinion in literacy behaviours, and narrative comprehension ( Monson and Nielsen, 1996 ) . Some narratives lend themselves to the usage of marionettes, felt- climb ons and unbosom others can be developed as prop narratives which make storytelling source alive, exciting the imaginativeness and affecting the visualiseer ( Biegler, 1998 ) .Research FindingssAssorted surveies have been done as to whether or non these signifiers of active engagement work. Analysiss of cases where drama was related to the significances of the books the kids had read indicated that each case of book-related dramatic drama could be described in footings of six belongingss including ( a ) the range of drama, ( B ) the type of connexion constructed between books and drama books, ( degree Celsius ) kids s intents for drama, ( vitamin D ) the position or point of position expl ored, ( vitamin E ) the mark systems used and their relation to book reading events, and ( degree Fahrenheit ) the sorts of societal interaction involved ( Rowe, 1998 ) . Rowe ( 1998 ) besides illustrious that analyses demonstrated that the kids created direct linkages between their book and drama experiences. Children s book-to-play connexions involved linking books to the universe of objects by turn uping and retention book-related playthings and props, personal response to books through dramatic passages of chanceings and actions, take parting in book-reading events through the character of a make-believe character, aesthetic reenactments of book events, screening out the writer s significances through drama, character surveies and utilizing book subjects and characters as springboards for personal enquiries about the universe ( Roskos and Christie, 2000 ) . Authors Pellegrini and Galda noted the importance of the equal interaction and the good facets of make-believe as lendin g to pupils increased ability to understand the narrative ( Welsch, 2008 ) . The Committee on the Prevention of Reading Difficulties in Young Children clearly saw high-ranking drama as an instructional scheme that Fosters literacy development and future reading success in which kids reflect on state of affairss through dramatization ( Christensen and Kelly, 2003 ) . In a survey done by Deborah Rowe she suggested that there are a figure of features of the drama observed in her survey that may hold provided both motive and chance for the immature kids s literacy acquirement connexion, ownership, flexibleness, openness, multiple mark systems, transmediation and community ( Rowe, 1998 ) . The consequences from Bieglers survey was that kids exhibited strikinger comprehension and narrative memory by utilizing dramatic narrative reenactment than those who reconstructed narratives in instructor led direction and art activities and narrative related comprehension was most efficaciously f acilitated by prosecuting in fantasy drama and retellings ( Biegler, 1998 ) .Jodi Welsch wrote an article in 2008 entitled, Playing at bottom and beyond the narrative encouraging book-related make-believe drama. In this article there are many good points covering with pupils playing and groking information. Welsch ( 2008 ) stated that kids connect books to play by actively seeking for book-related playthings and props in order to back up comprehension through label uping a more concrete appreciation on thoughts. Book-related make-believe drama represents a richer method of supervising pupils apprehension of narratives, traveling beyond the typical inquiries and simple retellings because a focal point on drama around familiar narratives and literature capitalizes on the plot lines that define pretend strategies ( Welsch, 2008 ) . twain writers, Pellegrini and Galda are quoted in Welsch ( 2008 ) observing the importance of the equal interaction and the good facets of make-believe drama as lending to pupils increased ability to understand the narrative. Play activities are the centre of immature pupils zones of proximal development, where new cognition is gained through societal interactions with more competent participants and, while feigning, pupils translate their perceptual experiences of the existent universe into the actions that create and define the universe of drama ( Welsch, 2008 ) . On their ain and by their ain choosing, pupils may utilize this type of drama to research the most cardinal intent of literacy, the building of significance ( Welsch, 2008 ) .Plan and Timeline instruction execution of this scheme took topographic point over a 10 twenty-four hours span in my schoolroom from February 1st through the 12th. I taught a unit on nursery rimes one week and faery tales/tall narratives during the other hebdomad. I eased my category into the alterations during our unit clip as we discussed the narratives. The manner it was introduced to my pupi ls and carried out is as follows-Monday ( 2/1 ) The unit for the hebdomad is Nursery Rhymes. I introduced what a babys room rime was, elements that it contained, and talked about correspond address.-Tuesday ( 2/2 ) I read Humpty Dumpty to my category. We talked about all the words that sounded likewise in the verse form. They so did an activity where they drew what Humpty Dumpty might ve been if he had nt fallen off of the wall. I added this felt board narrative to our marionette centre in the loft.-Wednesday ( 2/3 ) directly we talked about Mary had a clarified Lamb. I foremost played the vocal and most of the childs recognized it and sang along. I so read it to them and added the book and music to the earreach centre.-Thursday ( 2/4 ) I talked about the babys room rime, Jack be Agile. I had a little taper bearer with a taper in it and I had my childs take bends stating the rime and jumping over the candle stick. after the lesson was over I put the candle holder in o ur dramatic drama country.-Friday ( 2.5 ) The concluding babys room rime we covered was 5 Small Ducks. We discussed how this utilised math and numeration backwards/down. As we read the narrative I had 5 pupils keeping a duck and each clip one went off I had the pupil sit down. I besides played this on a Cadmium and the pupils took turns moving it out with the ducks. The Cadmium was added to the music centre. Five ducks were located in music as props and the other ducks were placed in math as manipulatives.-Monday ( 2/8 ) This started the hebdomad in which I introduced fairy narratives and tall narratives. I started out by giving different scenarios and the pupils had to assist me calculate out if it was the truth or a story. I so explained the elements of these types of narratives and had the pupils create one of their ain through a drawing. My paraprofessional and myself rigid their responses.-Tuesday ( 2/9 ) I started by reading Cinderella. I wanted pupils to assist me for etell what would go on following since I forecast this was a familiar narrative to them. I added a Cinderella costume and a suit coat to the dramatic drama country.-Wednesday ( 2/10 ) Today I read The Elvess and the Shoemaker. After discoursing the book I had pupils pull what they would make to assist people if they were charming elves. My paraprofessional and myself dictated their responses.-Thursday ( 2/11 ) Small Red Riding Hood was discussed today. I talked about aliens and asked pupils if they thought this could truly go on. The book and tape for this narrative was placed in the hearing centre.-Friday ( 2/12 ) To stop the hebdomad I read The 3 Small Pigs. I had the pupils help me foretell what would go on to each house and each hog as we went through the book. I added put on elastic hog noses to the dramatic drama country every bit good as the felt board narrative to the marionette centre in the loft.-*All books from both hebdomads were kept out on my bookcase so pup ils could utilize them during independent clip or if they chose the reading centre.ConsequencesDuring this procedure I monitored pupils as I read and as they chose centres. While molding them as I read I looked to see if they were reacting to voices, certain parts of the book and if they were replying the inquiries I asked at different points throughout reading. This helped me cognize right off the chiropteran if they were groking or non. This besides helped me do note of who I could watch during centres to see if they utilized any of the points I placed around the room after reading the books. I was surprised because the bulk of those that seemed lost during me reading the book frequently selected reading or hearing and selected those books we had talked about. I could hear them reading out loud and utilizing the images in the book to assist steer them so they could state what was go oning. They would acquire excited when they would acknowledge that was something I had shared with them and it seemed to intend more to them than merely picking a book at random. It was amusing to watch pupils at the hearing centre scantyively because they would hold their earphones on and be in the quiet zone, but all of a sudden you would hear them get down stating the narrative out loud. In the dramatic drama country all of the props and costumes were the first things anyone grabbed. There were a few who would set on the Cinderella costume and arrange that she was a princess and drama in it, but there were others who would have on it and truly acquire into moving out the narrative. I do nt hold many male childs that go to the dramatic drama country because deflection from dress-up apparels it is largely used by the misss as the housekeeping country. There was one male child that struggles to grok narratives and he selected dramatic drama everyday after we read Cinderella and he would travel over at that place and set on the suit and feign to be Prince Charming. He did a gr eat occupation at reciting assorted things that happened so he truly benefited from the excess support. The last country I added things in was our marionette centre in the loft. The pupils truly enjoyed the felt board narratives. I have had felt board stories up at that place all twelvemonth and I can merely remember two times in which they have been used. After reading the narratives and adding them to that centre everyone that went up at that place used the pieces to distinguish the narratives. It was incredible to me since it had seldom been used in the yesteryear that they would utilize it every bit a good deal as they did and every bit efficaciously as they did. One thing that truly stood out to me was pupils who would choose the authorship and art centres. While in these centres about all of the pupils over the two hebdomad span brought me something they had created and told me it was a certain portion from one of the books we had discussed. I thought that was neat because e ven though I had nt added anything new for them to utilize they still utilized the stuffs they had to demo their enjoyment and comprehension of the narratives.ArtifactsThroughout this procedure I did several things in order to roll up informations and do observations. As I mentioned in the subdivision above, I foremost watched the pupils as I read/introduced the book and made a mental note of who I was most funny to watch during halfway clip. Then during centre clip I circulated the room and listened to student treatments as they played. The bulk of them, at least for a part of the clip exhausted playing, related in some manner to the books we had discussed. If I saw pupils dressed up as a character, stating a felt board narrative or listening/reading one of the books we had talked about I would acquire my camera and snarl some images. I video recorded several pupils reciting nursery rhymes on the felt board every bit good as a group in dramatic drama re-enacting the ball from Cind erella. DecisionI feel that this procedure was an utmost success and thoroughly replies a resonant yes to my research inquiry. I was really pleased at the overpowering response by my pupils to the props that were accessible to them. The chief intent of my end was to see if this helped more with comprehension and I can state that it truly did. I have several pupils who ca nt state me anything about a narrative after it is read and those are some of the 1s I focused on watching. They all, at some point or another, chose a centre and selected an activity within that centre entirely because they recognized it from our readings. All of them were able to state at least a portion of the narrative, if non all of a narrative, when utilizing the props. This is decidedly something that I will go on to make every bit much as possible in order to go on to assist those pupils who struggle to grok. For those that can grok good it will go on to function as added support for their content cognition.

Mint Lube Case Study

Banin Akif MBA I Seat 7049 Operations Management slip STUDY (MINIT-LUBE INC. ) Q. 1What constitutes the mission of Minit-Lube? AnsThe mission statement for Minit-Lube can be derived as followed Our Mission To provide fast, reliable and superior services in a customer friendly environment while ensuring lowest potential f ares. Q. 2How does the Minit-Lube operation strategy provide competitive advantage? AnsMinit-Lube trading operations strategy provides the organization advantage over its competitors in the following ship canal Services Design Minit-Lube has a superior service design as it provides fast oil-change, interior cleaning and lubrications services to 3 cars at a time. Quality management Quality exceeds normal standards as all employees are neatly dressed and fully deft from minit-lube school. Process Efficient go for of human resource enables fast service provision as common chord workers simultaneously work on a car to provide oil-change services. billet Spotle ss environment provides customer a refreshing feeling. Layout designMinit-Lube layout supports help focused job shop practice which maximizes the efficiency and quality. Human vision Well trained staff graduated from minit-lube school, ensuring cost effectiveness by building good customer relationships and providing speedy and accurate service. Each unmarried specializes in its own work enabling the maximum level of service. computer programing Service providedin least possible time frame with use of in effect(p) human resource in order to meet customer schedules. upkeepMinit-Lube provides reliable maintenance solutions because of their trained staff and superior operations management. Q. 3 Is it likely that Minit-Lube has ontogenyd productiveness over its more traditional competitors? wherefore? How would we measure productiveness in this industry? AnsMinit-Lube increased productivity over its traditional competitors in the following ways Well trained/educated labor la bor plays a vital role in productivity and as employees of minit-lube are both well educated and trained, they increase the productivity of the organization. More Output in lesser time As compared to its competitors, at minit-lube the car comes in and goes out in only 10 mins which significantly increases the output and therefore, productivity. Also, providing service to 3 cars simultaneously also enhances the productivity if the competitors are servicing less than 3 cars keeping all some other factors constant. Productivity= Output____ Input = No. of cars serviced in an hour____ Labor hours put in by the team

Mobile Intelligent Tutoring Systems Education Essay

active intelligent tutoring musical arrangements have the possible to certify low-priced, one-to-one aid to scholars eruptside of the traditionalistic school day dayroom and com fructifying apparatus lab scenes. The focal point of this motif is to sketch the fashion of fluent searching Tutoring Systems in spur uping the maths human rigs in collateral schools and the function that rambling devices can play in circulating and back uping the data gained by intelligent animal trainers. The paper reviews desktop reasoned Tutoring Systems and how the analogous can be economic con stateptiond in fluid devices. The concluding deal of the paper examines the ch every in allenges faced in the development of Mobile thinking(a) Tutoring Systems.The oecumenic common fall ination in mathematics among secondary school scholarly persons in Kenya has non been impressive for many old ages ( KNEC, 2000 ) . Much has been done and said with purposes of revealing semipubli c presentation with small success including de merely of Strengthening of Mathematics and perception in Secondary Education ( SMASSE ) Undertaking , launched in Kenya in 1998 and funded by Japan authorities. It is aimed at the bet terment of mathematics and scientific discipline program line through In-service Training ( INSET ) for instructors ( Nancy, Alice, 2007 ) . Poor public presentation is attributed to several(prenominal) factors among them attitude of students and instructors, deficiency of learning installations much(prenominal) as books and unequal remedial or follow-up tutoring in well-nigh schools. Whereas there is demand to look scholars develop a deeper conceptual discretion through such techniques as tutoring when they atomic number 18 larning a new-fashioned region ( Lane, 2006 ) , that is desiring.Mathematicss is a hard receptive both to learn and larn. Mathematicss is excessively a topic, which requires difficult work, and batch of image the par amount facets for larning mathematics. Learning mathematics comprises foremost having facts, rules, and so larning how to use them ( Garry, 1996 ) . T all(prenominal)(prenominal)ers may desire to pass more clip with students but human election is normally the chief restraint due to high student-to-t from each oneer ratio witnessed in schools.The broad usage of cell recollects in society has led inquiry workers to look into systems to use erratic devices in guidance ( Castells, 1999 ) . Presently, there are around 16 million cell phone endorsers in Kenya with the gauge projected to travel up following licensing of 4th Mobile mover YU ( Communication Commission of Kenya ) .Harmonizing to Brown ( 2003 ) and Kam etal ( 2009 ) , the nomadic device has been argued to be an get tool for educational bringing in the development states. The statement tail assembly this is that nomadic device is low-power device that can be utilise in topographic points with emerge electricity. Although nomadic device such as cell phone is mostly purchased for voice communications which exploiters rely on for their societal and economic demands it is anyway able to run educational package that support visuals and voiceovers ( as cited in Kumar, 2009 ) . Most of all, the cell phone is the fastest turning engineer platform in the development states. There are 2.2 billion nomadic phones in developing parts give care Africa and India, as compared to exactly 11 million desktops ( CNN, 2009 ) .Teaching learners on a one-to-one footing classically influences the grade of cognition and accomplishment retained by the scholar. Bloom ( 1984 ) suggests that one-to-one tutoring is the most effectual scheme known, by and large giving 2 withstandard divergences better public presentation than traditional statement.For the intent of this paper, the term nomadic device comprise of criterion cell phones, smart phones ( those employ an operating system proviso voice servi ces every telephone number good as spare informations processing coatings ) , and personal digital helpers ( PDAs ) furnish informations treating without voice capablenesss. Whereas laptop computing machines are portable, users interact with them in ship canal that are more similar to desktop computing machines than they do with small devices e.g. usage of keyboard. Therefore, it does non fall under mobile device class.Table 1.1 Comparisons of Desktop and Mobile Tutoring SystemsDescriptionDesktopMobile DeviceInterfaceFull size keyboardMulti-window designSmall KeyboardSingle-window designDisplay14+ inch show2-5 inch showConnectivityEthernet, Wi-FiWi-Fi, CellularDeliveryStandalone leaf node merelyUseClassrooms and computing machine labsAnywhere and anytime2. salubrious Tutoring SystemHafner ( 2000 ) outlined Intelligent Tutoring System ( ITS ) as educational package incorporating an idle knowledge constituent. The package tracks pupil s work, orienting feedback and intimat ions along the manner. By scent uping information on a peculiar pupil s public presentation, the package can do illations closely strengths and failings, and can propose extra work. ITSs have been used to help pupils with prep, trial pickings, and appraisal ( ISTE, 2007 ) .An ITS can be used to enable the pupils work independently, to better their apprehension of constructs inwardly link sphere, and to take advancement of chore work snap ability for each of them ( Martin, 2001 ) . On the separate manus, an ITS can be able to help non merely the pupils but besides the instructors in developing and managing classs ( Shin, Norris and Soloway, 2006 ) . Harmonizing to Korhan ( 2006 ) , Intelligence involves mental capablenesss such as the logical thinking ability, planning, work outing jobs, believing abstractly, groking thoughts, and larning . Furthermore, it is tie in to creativeness and personality of the individual harmonizing to psychological science. Conversely, mathemat ics is as a incubus for many pupils. This may take to pupils doubting their creativeness, endowment, and motive when analyzing mathematics. In this sense, the tutoring systems must hold the capableness of existent instructors, and it must move like human coach in a crime syndicate. Information technologies can raising up the effectivity of learning mathematics in a category ( Kinshuk, 2002 ) and hence regarded as one of the topics in Artificial Intelligence ( AI )3. Background of ITSComputers have been used in instruction since 1960s ( Martin, 2001 ) . Intelligent Tutoring Systems are computing machine systems designed for support and onward motion of learnedness and learning procedure in the sphere cognition.Even though Intelligent Tutoring Systems began with Computer-Aided Instruction ( CAI ) , they differ from them in some ways. First, the interfaces, in CAIs, are of all time inactive for each pupil and the information presented to each pupil is precisely the comparable for all the clip ( as cited in Mitrovic et al. , 2007 )Harmonizing to Koedinger et Al. ( 1995 ) , ITSs use the cognition for pedagogical procedure so that the system tries to find what the pupil knows or does non cognize. Contrary to ITSs, CAIs have premises about what the pupil knows. Therefore, the same course of study is presented to pupils in CAIs, even though the predating cognition is extremity for a pupil.The other difference amongst them, harmonizing to Koedinger et Al. ( 1995 ) , is with the feedback system. some(a) CAIs have the capableness of inquiring inquiries to pupils. However the feedback system of them is limited to indicant of whether the pupil react was right or incorrect, merely. ITSs, on the other manus, attempt to find the pupils failings on a subject utilizing the sphere and pupil hypothetic eyeshade as shall be depicted in subdivision 4 below.Most Computer-Based instructional ( CBI ) industrys and systems, including ITS, still shack chiefly on the desktop. Harmonizing to Eamon ( 2004 ) , ITS have been shown to be extremely successful in bettering pupil skill in the schoolroom. When ITS is integrated into school course of study, pupils use the coachs during school hours in computing machine labs and schoolrooms.The working out of the desktop ITS to the nomadic learning universe of Mobile willing, doubtless, depict with child(p) benefit for pupils and instructors likewise. A nomadic intelligent coach has the possible to present the important advantages of intelligent tutoring systems to a broad audience of scholars and spread out coach usage to exterior of computing machine labs and schoolrooms therefore supplying robust and flexible acquisition chances to pupils anyplace and anytime ( Farooq etal, 2002 ) . It will besides be of aid for pupils on the move such as nomads who may non stupefy adequate human tutoring in category besides heightening student-centred acquisition.4. How Intelligent Tutoring Systems WorkITS for mathe matical jobs was planned and designed to ease pupils in acquisition and key on pupil s mistakes and efficaciously generate accounts for those mistakes ( Burns, Capps, 1988 ) and offer a pupil monitoring system that includes learning advancement and relevant statistical informations.The end of ITS is to supply the benefits of one-on one steering automatically and be efficaciously. care any other preparation simulations, ITS enables participants to pattern their accomplishments by transporting out undertakings within extremely synergistic acquisition environments.However, ITS goes beyond developing simulations by replying user inquiries and supplying individualised aid. Unlike other computer-based preparation technologys, ITS systems gauge each scholar s actions within these synergistic environments and develop a divinatory account of their cognition, accomplishments, and expertness. Based on the scholar suppositional account, ITSs tailor instructional schemes, in footings of bot h the matter and manner, and supply accounts, intimations, illustrations, presentations, and pattern jobs as required ( James and Sowmya, 2007 )Intelligent Tutoring SystemStudent ModelExpert ModelEnvironmentInterfaceDirection ModelFigure 4.1 Intelligent Tutoring System ModelIntelligent tutoring systems have their foundation in the useless intelligence, more specifically adept systems, and computing machine assisted direction subjects. Burns et Al. ( 1988 ) depict the intelligence of this package as the aggregation of the v subsystems shown in Figure 4.1 above.The first is an adept theoretic account stand foring the sphere cognition or capable affair expertness. This cognition comprises the apprehension of the capable affair that an expert has in the tutored country i.e. adept suppositional account merely represents the expert cognition and the ability to work out jobs within a sphere.The 2nd notional account is the pupil s. This theoretical account represents the cognition, accomplishments, behavior and other properties of a pupil larning the sphere. This theoretical account let the ITS know who it s learning ( James et al. , 2007 ) and tries to find pupil s mental provinces. This faculty generates the pupil theoretical account with all information about the single scholar. It provides the information such that what the pupil knows or does non cognize, any misconceptions, grade of forgetfulness, concluding accomplishments etc. ( Korhan, 2006 )The 3rd is the direction theoretical account, which is responsible for acknowledging pupil input and reacting to student actions i.e. enables the ITS to cognize how to learn, by encryption instructional schemes used by the tutoring system. The teacher theoretical account selects the most appropriate instructional intercession based on the cognition of a pupil s accomplishments, strengths and failings, participant expertness stages, and pupil acquisition manners. Additionally, the teacher theoretical account may besides take subjects, simulations, and examples that address the pupil s competency spreads. It is besides known as pedagogical or coach faculty ( Martin, 2001 )The 4th is the instructional environment or sphere that provides support to the scholar. It consists of the activity and tools, and to some widen the state of affairs, provided by the system to ease acquisition.The last constituent is the interface, an indispensable constituent that provides the agencies by which the user can pass on with the system. It is the integrating of the theoretical accounts that separate ITS engineering from other signifiers of computer-aided direction ( Heffernan, Koedinger and Aleven, 2003 ) .Harmonizing to Trojahn et Al. ( 2002 ) , ITS have the informative attack in which direction is understood to be the transmittal of cognition necessitating the teacher/instructor to deal the pupil invariably, particularly in the job work outing procedures. It takes into account statement the capacity for ac quisition and the cognition of the pupil in that topic.ITS s are adapted to each pupil by agencies of their diagnostic accomplishments which examine the pupil s cognition and the structuring and presentation of cognition. They besides make usage of a assortment of techniques to concord the user s attending ( equated to human coach motive ) and ease the transmittal of the coveted cognition. Intelligent developing systems besides portion this attack, although in these instances the procedures are aimed more towards specific job resolvent activities. The coach guides the direction procedure harmonizing to traditional patterns ( UPGRADE, 2002 ) .Knowledge is a primaeval to intelligent behaviour and, hence, ITSs are said to be knowledge-based because they have ( I ) sphere cognition, ( ii ) cognition about learning rules and about methods for utilize those rules, and ( three ) cognition about methods and techniques for pupil mold ( S. Stankov et al. , 2007 )It is of import to light upon that ITS is an interdisciplinary field that investigates how to invent educational systems that provide direction adapt to the demands of single scholars, as many good instructors do ( Conati et al. , 2002 )There are three types of cognition that an intelligent coach ( human or unreal ) needs to hold to be able to help pupil acquisition ( I ) cognition about the mark instructional sphere, ( two ) cognition about the pupil, and ( three ) cognition about the relevant pedagogical/instructional schemes.5. Mobile Intelligent Tutoring SystemHarmonizing to Brown ( 2009 ) , Mobile ITSs have non received wide investigate. There has been small research aimed at placing how to accommodate the desktop coachs and which facets of the coach to alter, as facets of desktop coachs require alteration for nomadic device content bringing.The bringing of ITSs on nomadic devices in Kenya has the possible to supply the important advantages of intelligent tutoring systems to a wider audience of sch olars therefore assisting in bridging the digital divide.Some secondary schools provide Internet and computing machine entree to pupils but a deeper appraisal dies that the presence of engineering does non compare to effectual usage of the engineering ( Yong et al, 2006 ) . Among the several factors impeding usage is the student-to-computer ratio in schools. For those schools with computing machines, it is reported that no school has one computing machine for each pupil with the lowest computer-to-student ratio being about 3-to-1 ( Christopher et al, 2007 ) . On the other manus, about all pupils can entree the nomadic phones doing it possible for schools to do usage of handheld calculating to organize engineering usage in the midst of place and school for the pupils. This tendency is besides nailing of the possible that nomadic and hold devices have to present a one-to-one calculating solution to the instruction community ( Quinn, 2000 ) .By utilizing nomadic devices, schools wit hout the fiscal resources to put in and keep big computing machine labs can hold the ability to supply scholars with ITS engineering. One singular virtue is that pupils can easy transport the coachs between place and school besides sharing the nomadic ITSs between pupils in the same school therefore enabling everywhere and anytime acquisition ( Facer, Faux, McFarlane, 2005 ) . The portability of nomadic ITSs extends coach usage to exterior of computing machine labs and traditional schoolrooms, thereby supplying flexible larning chances to pupils at place, after school, and in other locations ( Vahey et Al, 2004 ) . With the furtherance of nomadic device engineering, there is besides the possibility for nomadic ITSs to put to death as standalone applications, as opposed to client-server web based, thereby extermination the demand for an Internet connexion, either wired or radio.Harmonizing to the research conducted by Brown ( 2009 ) to find whether nomadic intelligent tutoring sys tem provide larning sum totals greater than standard instructional activities, it was found out that pupils utilizing the tutoring status did see an addition in post-test public presentation greater than pupils that did non utilize the coach ( utilizing paper and pencil ) . As a consequence, it can be concluded that a nomadic ITS can supply larning additions greater than standard direction.6. Related WorkIn the too soon 1970s a few research workers defined a new end for computer-based direction. They adopted the human coach as their educational theoretical account and sought to use unreal intelligence techniques to get along this theoretical account in intelligent computer- based direction.Personal human coachs provide a extremely efficient larning environment ( Cohen and Kulik, 1982 ) and have been estimated to increase middling achievement results by every bit much as two Intelligent Tutoring Systems standard divergences ( Bloom, 1984 ) . The end of ITSs would be to prosecut e the pupils in bear on logical thinking activity and to interact with the pupil based on a deep apprehension of the pupils behaviour.From 1990s, research on teaching method in the mathematics recognized that pupils learn mathematics more efficaciously, if the traditional acquisition of expressions and processs is supplemented with the possibility to research a wide scope of jobs and job state of affairss through ITS ( Schoenfeld, 1990 ) . In peculiar, the international comparative survey of mathematics learning ( Baumert et al. , 1997 ) , has shown that learning with an orientation towards active job work outing outputs better larning consequences in the sense that the acquired cognition is more readily forthcoming and applicable particularly in new con text editions and that a contemplation about the job work outing activities and methods outputs a deeper apprehension and better public presentation.Harmonizing to James and Sowmya ( 2006 ) , Carnegie Learning developed a suite o f ITSbased cognitive coachs in secondary-level mathematics. The systems, based on earlier research carried out by tooshie Anderson and Ken Koedinger at Carnegie Mellon University, were tested in selected secondary school and pupils showed 50- to 100-percent betterment in job resolution and usage of equations, tabular arraies, and graphs.Eric and Jorg ( 2003 ) developed ActiveMath ITS used in job resolution, rule-based systems, cognition commission, user mold, adaptative systems and adaptative hyper-media, and diagnosing.ALEKS ( assessment and Learning in Knowledge Spaces ) is an on-line ITS aimed at tutoring Geometry and Business Mathematics classs ( Anderson, Reder, Simon, 1996 ) . It is web based and therefore requires Internet connexion for it to be accessed.MathITS ( Korhan, 2006 ) is an Intelligent Tutoring System for mathematics instruction at undergraduate and graduate degree and employs the conceptual map mold technique ( Hwang, 2003 ) . It is a student-centred system, which supports synergistic acquisition.7. Challenges go about in Developing Mobile ITS Applications for Mathematics TutoringIt is easier said than done for teachers, school decision makers, and even parents to see nomadic devices as being utile for educational intents because they have been predominately used for societal intents including phone communicating and text messaging. The current educational system produces lesson programs, larning activities, and appraisals based upon traditional educational theoretical accounts. However, the debut of nomadic devices enables pupils to interact and join forces with one another in ways non antecedently realized. Therefore, teachers must now find how to plan lessons and activities unified around this mobility and accurately quantify the consequences of the usage of the engineering.The usage of nomadic devices besides raises inquiries that relate to the execution of the engineering, viz. the hardware and package. Previous tests of nomadic larning applications reveal that concerns sing device ownership, battery life, and web connectivity can greatly match the acquisition results of pupils ( Facer, Faux, and McFarlane, 2005 ) . art object these issues may be viewed by some as policy instead than research, it can be argued that an apprehension of these issues could supply information to inform the design of the applications themselves. For illustration, cognizing that pupils may non hold dependable Internet connexions may do a interior decorator to make a standalone application or one that requires periodic synchronism for it to work decently.Interestingly, research workers implementing and proving nomadic larning applications have noted that there is possible for nomadic larning applications to be on base traditional instructional tools ( Vahey et al. , 2004 ) . While the usage of nomadic larning applications can be transformative, it is necessary to understand and see the bing acquisition environment in which it i s intended. While there are surely cases in which a Mobile larning application can supply an experience non possible without the engineering ( Chen, Kao and Sheu, 2003 ) , it seems sensible, and even likely, that this engineering can co-exist and back up traditional paper-based methods.Representation of diagrams and limited sum of text poses a challenge. As a consequence, the teachers should make up ones capitulum on which content could best be presented in nomadic device. The diagrams representation is limited by screen size.8. DecisionMobile ITS execution will assist to better mathematics public presentation in Kenya Secondary schools. However, certain research countries such as its development, statute law issues, interface, instruction and acquisition schemes and computer architecture ( hardware and package ) should be addressed in order to recognize the benefits of Mobile ITS. By so making, Kenya will tout of m-Learning and therefore will make more pupils assisting to bridge t he digital divide spread.

Balanced Scorecard in Telecom

Performance measurement concerns any office bearers of business. Owners without administrator powers are obviously intimately keen to k straight off how their nest egg and investments are deployed. Employees, especially the ones with many alternate career options, would also the likes of to know the state of health of their transcriptions, apart from the aspect of how superiors view their contri howeverions. Suppliers flummox about the future prospects of the business of a client beca usage it has cascading effects on their own fortunes.Finally, regulators use corporate performance as feed spine of macro-economic policies customers also beat tangential inte stick arounds in the sanitary-being of service providers and manufacturers on whom they depend. There is an increase disconnect mingled with statutory financial reporting and statements by executive teams about the states of enterprises for which they are responsible. There are many significant events in a corporations h istory which do not construe places in profit and loss accounts or in balance sheets.Further, all statutory reporting is historical, whereas many modern lines of business such(prenominal) as tele conferences are in very fluid states. Everyone wants to know the future impacts of typify developments, rather than what has already transpired in the past. There is an explosion of interest in non-financial information (Neef, and Cefola). Trends in customer loyalty and retention, development of more(prenominal) trenchant human resources, the capabilities of corporation to meet future agonistical pressures, and the essential engine-room trading operations are typical areas about which little is known through with(predicate) tralatitious financial reporting.While executives moldiness be pleased at the lack of countrywide business intelligence for competitors, the lack of directional information can overtake to poor coordination and loss of control inside a corporation. All levels of hierarchy require guidance in terms of overall strategy, and how coarse directions affirm on individual jobs. The concept of a match notice is a popular and widely respected method of translating strategy in to particularised implementationThis document constructs a supposititious case of a telecom confederation, and attempts the coat of the equilibrate bill of fare methodological analysis to translate the strategy of this phoner in to reality. The document concludes with an appraisal of the utility of the method. Business Distinctions of Telecom It is useful to take away the broad structure of the global telecom pains in hallow to construct a hypothetical case of some relevance.Telecom has shot in to the limelight of late after dramatic developments in technology and drawn-out consolidation of the industry structure as well. The industry shares a utmost profile with consumers and regulators alike. The telecom business is integral to modernization of society (Bon ocore, 2001). advanced speed, wireless communication networks have transformed lives, bringing what was almost knowledge fiction to the realm of reality. It is now possible to stay in regard with the world from the comfort of a home, and save on travel and shift times.Convergence between mobile or cellular telephones and computers is an new(prenominal) major trend, and the change in the work-place of old is now in the process of unfolding at homes, with developments such as Internet telephones and music downloads from this medium as well. The industry is safe of dramatic discontinuities some of these are due to mergers and acquisitions, plot of ground the rest is because of disruptive changes in technology (Bonocore, 2001). The technological changes are likely to continue, with exponential function jumps in processing speeds of micro-processors, while cost are headed distinctly south.The commodious and rapid technological improvements keep creating excess capacities (Bonocor e, 2001). The fixed infrastructure costs of telecom players are not sustainable, unless price reductions spur major jumps in demand. There is a fierce battle to capture new customers, to nonplus them to use their telephones as much as possible, and to hold on to them as well. Regulatory changes are breaking restrictions, as between local and broad distance telephony (Bonocore, 2001). Large global players can also now break in to new domestic territories.The industry nature as outlined above makes non-financial parameters as important drivers of success (Neef, and Cefola). It is therefore eminently suited for the application of the Balanced Scorecard methodology (Tenhunen, Ukko, Markus, Oy, and Rantanen, 2002). Hypothetical chemise Construction squall and data Systems Inc. is a real attach to listed on the New York Stock Exchange (Form 10-K, 1998). It is a diversified telecommunications operator in the get together States, and participates in both the wireless and line telepho ne segments.A hypothetical case has been created in this document on the historical basis of the federations 10-K statement for 1997, presented to the Securities and Exchanges Commission in 1998 (Form 10-K, 1998). This document details the companys strategy exactly a decade ago. The Balanced Scorecard methodology can be use to this historical but genuine situation in a hypothetical way. The numbers and facts in the succeeding(a) paragraphs are not entirely factual, with some simplifications made for the purpose of clarity. forebode Data Systems Inc.is a relatively small and niche player in the telecom industry. It does not operate at all outside of the United States, and serves customers in only 36 States of its home country. It has less than 10 trillion customers. The company depends on the United States Cellular Corporation for its wireless services, which includes broad band, and has a wholly owned subsidiary for this line of business. The company operates feeling and distr ibution activities through Suttle Straus, Inc in which it has a controlling stake.TDS is foc employ on agricultural and suburban USA. It has about 11 thousand employees. Its basic onslaught is to combine organic growth with appropriate acquisitions. It operates each lines of business through a company which it either owns wholly or controls. The company has copyrighted access to technology which reduces noise, provides seamless inter-connections, and which also offers cost advantages. Its network is capable of upgrades for value-added services. However, the company does also need to enter new technology areas.The company focuses on geographic clusters in order to control costs, but emphasizes full customer satisfaction in its chosen clusters. Overall, the broad strategy of Telephone Data Systems Inc. is to hold a attractorship position in rural and suburban America, making necessary investments to support such a competitive advantage. An Overview of the Balanced Scorecard Conce pt It is useful at this junction to pass on the general nature and principles of the Balanced Scorecard before the concept is applied to the hypothetical case constructed as above.The Balanced Scorecard is essentially a way of translating strategic concepts in to action (Keyes, 2005). It can also be used for holistic performance appraisal of an constitution. The Balanced Scorecard seeks to merge the contributions of all stake holders and levels of an organization for the joint implementation of strategic goals (Kaplan, 2002). It eliminates gaps between visionary thinking at the top of an organization and the daily actions of citizenry up to the periphery. The Balanced Scorecard makes a king-sized corporation flying and responsive.The Balanced Scorecard was first introduced in the early 1990, and is now used by about half of all U. S. corporations (Neely, 2002). Measurement is crucial for building teams and common commitments (Kaplan, 2002). This is at the heart of the Balance d Scorecard system. These measures are a part of a cause and effect link spanning the entire organization each measure is linked to an organizational outcome. The Balanced Scorecard is reinforced along 4 axes the financial perspectives drive customer values, while the internal perspectives focus on productivity, and value creation.The customer perspective gives body to differentiation, while the teaching and growth perspective dwells on human resources, systems, business climate, and organization culture. Overall the Balanced Scorecard is a means of implementing strategy, and works in general through simple and transparent measurement of financial and qualitative goals (Neely, 2002). carrying into action Priorities and Sequencing This section relates to the hypothetical case constructed earlier in the document. Telephone Data Systems Inc.is ready with a strategy and would like to use the Balanced Scorecard to ensure measured and effective implementation. The process must start wi th general communication of the evolved strategy, because this has been prepared by a mere handful of the most senior and trusted executives in the company (Mai, and Akerson, 2003). Telephone Data Systems Inc. has more than 11 thousand employees, and the Balanced Scorecard system requires that each of them understands what their company wishes to achieve and how (Kaplan, 2002).Some people are formally employees of owned or controlled, but independent entities they must also be carried in the massive hunting expedition to implement the strategy quickly and well. Share holders, financiers, and technology associates are other stake holders with important roles in strategy execution, so they too must know the direction their company has chosen to take. Finally, competitors also need to be aware of the nuances of company strategy since the industry is in a physique of consolidation.Overall, the prudence should make special efforts to carry people with them by consolidation with the Human Resources Management strategy (Kearns, 2003) and by viewing the organization as a living being Communication with such a large and diversified audience is likely to suffer from both dilution as well as distortion (Segil, and Goldsmith, J, 2002). Further, the subject matter is a top management prerogative, so any word from anyone other than the Chief executive director officer, provide not carry adequate weight or authority (Kaplan, 2002)This communication issue is also an opportunity for the company to showcase its strengths. The Chief Executive Officer, apart from physical one-on-one meetings with the most influential stake holders, decides to use email and video conferencing infrastructure to communicate interactively with each stake holder directly. The core message is that Telephone Data Systems Inc. will be the leader in telecommunications within rural and suburban America. The company will back this super-ordinate aim with all the financial and non-financial investmen ts needed for its realization.The Chief Executive Officer and the core strategy team have decided to launch the Balanced Scorecard on a pilot basis before extending the methodology throughout the Group (Tenhunen, Ukko, Markus, Oy, and Rantanen, 2002). This will serve as a learning process and will help the company deal with the potential problems which such a process may entail. Telephone Data Systems Inc. is new to the Balanced Scorecard, and it is known that some phases of the process, such as tying personal net with measured goal achievement may cause instabilities.

R. R. Donnelly & Sons: the Digital Division

R. R. Donnelly & Sons The Digital Division (Case Synopsis) R. R. Donnelley & Sons was suffering with an ad-hoc technology development process. at one time this process had to be changed and new technology development process had to be brought in. R. R. Donnelley & Sons with 6% sh ar of the $80 billion print market is surely the market leader. But the level of competition was rising rapidly as well. The imprint market was going online and electronic with the online service providers and software packages were do four color images available electronically.Smaller printing companies were also building alliances with firms that had high-capacity networks for transmittal files. Despite digital division being a good idea, it was essentially outside their core business. All divisions knew the potential of digital technology solely did not know enough about the markets and were scared of unproven technology. The biggest complete faced by the Digital Division was whether they would be approveed or not by other divisions in the organization itself. The company knew that digital technology was the future.And that the company needs to improve on demand printing and delivery on time as well. But the problem was convince the other divisions. They could not do it with their arguments or with the incentives they gave. The solution would be to accept the advantages of the digital technology by the CEO, john Walter not as a different division. This is done so that the profitability and the existence of other divisions are not affected. It should benefit the organization not as a let out division. All the divisions in the organization must work together as one to contribute to the organizational goals and growth.

Crime and Senator Joseph Estrada

The some discussed law these days is Re frequent Act 7080 otherwise k promptlyn as the law on foul up. Seen as a deterrent to prevent existence officials from stealing money from the government, the plunder law was passed in 1991 with the most epoch-making signatory being one Senator Joseph Estrada. In this edition of the Law Professor, we shall now examine the intricacies of the dough Law. What is plunder and how is it committed?According to sectionalisation 2 of RA 7080, plunder is committed when a human beings officer who, by himself or in connivance with members of his family, relatives by affinity or consanguinity, contrast sector associates, subordinates or other persons, amasses, accumulates or acquires marked-up wealth through a combination or series of overt or criminal acts as described in Section 1 (d) of RA 7080 in the gather meter or total quantify of at least lambert million pesos (P50,000,000. 00).In addition, both person who participated with the said public officer in the commission of plunder shall likewise be punished. The criminal acts described in Section 1 (d) are as follows 1. Through misappropriation, conversion, misuse, or malversation of public funds or raids on the public treasury 2. By receiving, right off or indirectly, any commission, gift, share, percentage, kickbacks or any/or entity in participation with any government contract or project or by reason of the office or position of the public officer pertain 3.By the illegal or fraudulent conveyance or disposition of assets belong to the National government or any of its subdivisions, agencies or instrumentalities or government-owned or controlled corporations and their subsidiaries 4. By obtaining, receiving or accepting directly or indirectly any shares of stock, equity or any other form of interest or participation including the promise of future employment in any business enterprise or undertaking 5.By establishing agricultural, industrial or commercial mon opolies or other combinations and/or implementation of decrees and orders intended to benefit particular persons or special interests or, 6. By taking undue advantage of official position, authority, relationship, corporation or influence to unjustly enrich himself or themselves at the spending and to the damage and prejudice of the Filipino people and the Republic of the Philippines. In the maestro version of RA 7080, the offender was liable only if the aggregate amount amassed is at least Seventy-five million pesos(P75,000,000. 00) with the corresponding penalty of sprightliness imprisonment with perpetual absolute disqualification from holding any public office. However, RA 7659 (The Death punishablety Law) amended Section 2 of RA 7080, and displace the amount to Fifty million pesos and increased the imposable penalty to death, to wit Sec. 12. Section 2 of Republic Act No. 7080 (An Act Defining and Penalizing the shame of Plunder) is hereby amended to read as follows Sec. 2. Definition of the Crime of Plunder Penalties. Any public officer who, by himself or in connivance with members of his family, relatives by affinity or consanguinity, business associates, subordinates or other persons, amasses, accumulates or acquires ill-gotten wealth through a combination or series of overt criminal acts as described in Section 1 (d) hereof in the aggregate amount or total value of at least Fifty million pesos (P50,000,000. 00) shall be guilty of the crime of plunder and shall be punished by reclusion perpetua to death.Any person who participated with the said public officer in the commission of an offense contributing to the crime of plunder shall likewise be punished for such offense. In the imposition of penalties, the arcdegree of participation and the attendance of mitigating and extenuating circumstances, as provided by the Revised Penal Code, shall be considered by the court. The court shall declare any and all ill-gotten wealth and their interests and ot her incomes and assets including the properties and shares of stocks derived from the deposit or investment thereof waive in favor of the State. Section 4 of RA 7080 also prescribes the system for proving that the crime of plunder was committed. It states that for purposes of establishing the crime of plunder, it shall not be necessary to fix each and every criminal act done by the accuse in furtherance of the scheme or conspiracy to amass, accumulate or acquire ill-gotten wealth, it being sufficient to establish beyond intelligent doubt a pattern of overt or criminal acts significative of the overall unlawful scheme or conspiracy.

Research: Sampling and Chili Sauce

1. 0Introduction The paper seeks to propose a inquiry on the management of Tesco Stores Malaysia would like to introduce own suckered chili con carne act to Malaysia consumer. This paper volition be organized under the following broad headings * Problem identification * Literature review * Research philosophical system and approach and explore design * selective in fashion modelation collection 2. 0General statement of the Problem. in that location are umteen type of increases in the trade. For example, in Malaysia in that respect are much than ten type of chili do are change in the market.Tesco would like to introduce its own seted chili act to the Malaysian consumer. The main performer of successful to introduce the chili sauce is the acceptance of the consumer. Brands vary in the amount of value and power they open in the marketplace. For example, Life sign chili sauce is a head known in the existing market, when a consumer knows that a inciter exists in th e market, the scar is said to pay laid-back brand awareness. If consumers awareness towards the brands is steep, its brands fair play is also high.Besides that, the quality of the chili sauce also important, consumer will equalise the ingredient, texture and etc with the different brands of chili sauce. A brand is valued high when consumers stay loyal to that particular brand. Consumers wear outt switch to other brands and they willing to wait even if the strain runs out stock. Example of fruits and brand that have high brand loyalty are Kimball, Maggie and Life. A brand is perceived to have high value if the brand is of goods quality. 3. 0Formulated research irresolutionThe sharpen of this research is to survey the successfulness of the management of Tesco Stores Malaysia to introduce its own brand to the consumer. The research questions are 1) To investigate quality, packaging, availability, range, promo and how the perceptions differ across demographic pen, that is direct of income and age group. 2) Pricing 3) To determine the perception of customer towards to know the product quality. For example, the chili sauce texture, taste and so on. 4. 0Literature ReviewNo. Author / title object Vari fitting Methodology Finding 1. Marketing Communications Plan for a new sauce brand under magi by nestleAuthor IIoka Benneth Kueh Yi Kia Teng King bring in To increase the market share and sales volume of Maggi brands in Malaysia up to 10 percent by the 12th month of compaign. To increase brand awareness of Maggie brand in Malaysia up to 20 percent by the end of the 12th Month. To generate up to 10 percent of congeries sale of Maggie brand in Malaysia. Selecting a new brand, unique interchange point, positioning, new label design and packaging graphic, advertising and other promotional strategic. Survey research will be utilize on the commencement, middle and conclusion stages of the campaign. A media evaluation service will be engage to ascertai n whether the media accomplished (qualitative and quantitative)Website participation be evaluated. The strengths and weaknesses of internal and external factor of Maggi.For example, Management, marketing, research and development,Competitive, technology and so on. 2. H. J. Heinz Inc Industry AnalysisAuthor Kasey FeigenbaumJustin WhiteElliott Matticks Heinz is seeking to expand its offerings by focusing on emerging markets in countries such as brazil, Philippines, Turkey, and Vietnam where there is large potential originateth. Heinz is striving to develop globally while positively impacting the world. The company is promoting sustainability and supplying more than 30 countries with natural hybrid love apple seeds. Products sold through heinzs own sales organizations through separatist brokers, and agents distributors of chains, wholesalers, cooperative and independent grocery accounts, convenient stores, bakeries and so on. Heinz Ketchup pass trip and the campaign was pitched on social media site including chitter and facebook. Heinz manufactures and markets products meet the standards of individual countries, and the needs and wants of consumers in these countries.Heinz focuses on marketing their products with an accent on health, wellness and sustainability. 3. Cooking with ease new Kikkoman Asian sauce line make home preparation of ethnic cuisine more convenient, providing consumers with an easy beggarlys of cooking Asian cuisine is a apt move and the new Kikkoman Restaurant serial publication Asian Sauces supply this mean for todays busy consumer. One of the goals during the development of Kikkoman Asian sauces was maintaining an sure or traditional flavor in each of the four varieties. During product development, several prototypes underwent numerous iterations and internal turn outs to ensure the ideal flavor profile was created in each version. The agent behind our decision to tack this brand new product line, the Kikkoman Restaurant Series Asian Sauces, leave behinds from extensive market research with consumers revealing the trend that Asian cuisines are becoming actually popular, says Shig Nemoto, vice president of sales and marketing at Kikkoman. Kikkoman is known as the expert in the manufacture of soy sauces and teriyaki sauces, and our corporate strategy was to grow and extend within the aforementioned(prenominal) arena through the popular Asian flavors captured in these sauces, says Nemoto. Our brand is perceived as the highest quality product, and we expect consumers will associate these new entities, this new product line, with the same standard for high quality. 4. Campbell reaches into pouch to heat up soup salesAuthor Martinne Geller Introducing new line called Campbells Go.Campbell curriculums to extent that line to other unproblematic meals that are meant to attract to younger shoppers with graphic that are edgier than Campbells traditional products. The company plans to launch over 50 new items in fiscal 2013 Campbell spending on advertising to spur sales, rather than price-driven promotions. Campbells are changing plan will not go back to heavy discounting and they confidence that among the levers of price, promotion, brand building and news to the base with innovation, they will be able to fully competitive in this business. 5. 0Research philosophy and approach & research design. In research, understanding of the appropriate research philosophy and approach is important out front beginning a research. Quantitative analysis sack up be through with(p) for a number of reasons such as measurement, performance evaluation of a financial instrument. It poop also be used to predict veritable world events such as changes in a share price. A business or financial analysis technique that seeks to understand bearing by using complex mathematical and statistical modeling, measurement and research.By assigning a numerical value to variable, quantitative analysts try to replicate earth mathematically. The survey can be collect from existence There are issued associated with state decline and changes in population composition in the actual world (low fertility, population ageing, increasing international migration and ethnic minority population) and those associated with population growth and environment in the developing world (rapid decline of fertility, infirmity and mortality control and urbanization).Population studies, as an integrated social science, seeks to examine processes and patterns of population change their local and global impact. For example, from the population we can collect the information of gender, age range, gender and so on to analysis the entropy how many of people like Tesco own brand chili sauce, how many dont like. Besides that, the research also can collect data through questionnaire. A questionnaire is a research instrument consisting of a series of question and other prompt for the purpose of gathering inf ormation from respondents.Questionnaire have advantages over some other type of survey in that they are cheap, do not require as much effort from the questioner as verbal or telephone surveys, and oft quantifys have exchangeable resolution that make it simple to compile data. For example, questionnaire may include the question of the consumer satisfaction to the Chili sauce like the texture, taste, ingredient, price, packaging and so on. another(prenominal) than that, sample techniques provide a range of method that enable the researcher to reduce the amount of data needed, by considering only data from a subgroup rather than from all possible cases or element.In order to ensure that the data collected is representative, a few term related to the concept of have must be understood like population, element, censes, population frame or study population, sample, try unit or subject and sampling frame. The reason for using a sample are many in research investigation involving se veral hundreds and even thousands of elements it would be impractical to collect data, test or examine every element. Consider the cost of using a census, the time and the human resources needed they are prohibitive.The quality of the information obtained from a sampling study is likely to be more reliable than from a census this is mostly because fatigue is reduced and fewer errors will result in collecting the data, especially if a large number involved. In some situations, sampling is required. In testing the chili sauce of Tesco product, it would be impossible to test the entire population because the amount is large. A physical body of sampling designs are available and the choice depends on the requirements of the research, the objectives of the study and the resources available.The sampling technique available is divided into two type. Probability sampling, the bechance of opportunity of each case beingness selected from a population is known and is usually the same. It is based on the concept of random selection, which is a controlled procedure that assures each population element, or case is given a known cryptograph chance of selection. By using a probability samples, it is possible to answer research questions and to achieve objectives of estimating characteristics of the population from the sample. Thus, probability sampling is often used in surveys and in experimental research.In non-probability sampling, the probability of each case being selected from the total population is not known, and it is impossible to answer research questions or to address objectives that require statistical inferences about the characteristics of the population. Although generalizations could still be do from non-probability samples about the population, it cannot be do on statistical grounds. For this reason, non-probability sampling is often used in a case study research. 6. 0Data collection Data collection can be collect by using simple random sampling.In th is sampling technique, each population element has an equal chance of being selected into the sample. The samples are drawn using random number tables or generators. This technique is best used if an immaculate, complete and easily accessible sampling frame is available. By using random numbers, the selection of sample is done without bias, thus making the sample representative of the whole population. The Tesco management can randomly choose the consumer from the Tesco card member randomly to send the questionnaire by e-mail, posted mail or Short Message Service (SMS).From the database of the Tesco store can send by the empyrean Tesco. For example, Penang Tesco will send questionnaire to the consumer who amount the member at Penang Tesco, that mean the consumer maybe stay near Penang, same to Bukit Mertajam Tesco and other too. In this sampling technique the questionnaire, the major disadvantages of this sampling form is that is requires a listing of the population elements. Thi s will take longer time to implement if the population covers a large random geographical area of selection, then a selected case is likely to be dispersed throughout the area, and will be costly due to the postage charges.The Tesco management can prepare reply envelope to the consumer that who dont have e mail address and have to by normal postages, this is easier the consumer return the questionnaire. 7. 0Conclusion. A good sample should be accurate there is little or no bias or systematic variance. Research is to collect accurate data and to analysis then only the management of Tesco Stores Malaysia know whether it would be feasible to introduce its own branded chili sauce to the Malaysia consumers subsequently evaluated the entire questionnaire that received back from the consumer.Reference http//www. iservices. ilokabenneth. com/images/Maggi_Nestle. pdf http//www. culturaldiplomacy. org/culturaldiplomacynews/content/articles/participantpapers/2011/april/biec-roa-nua/h. j. _hei nz_inc-_industry_analysis-_kasey_feigenbaum. pdf http//goliath. ecnext. com/coms2/gi_0199-5295700/Cooking-with-ease-new-Kikkoman. html http//www. reuters. com/article/2012/02/22/us-campbellsoup-idUSTRE81L22V20120222 OPEN UNIVERSITY MALAYSIA (OUM), AUGUST 2011 BBRC4103